Tracking the Trajectory of Transient and Periodic Hydrometerological Phenomena

跟踪瞬态和周期性水文气象现象的轨迹

• 批准号: RGPIN-2022-03713
• 负责人: Dery, Stephen
• 金额: $ 2.62万
• 依托单位: University of Northern British Columbia
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=753249
• 关键词: Tracking; Trajectory; Transient; Periodic; Hydrometerological

Freshwater resources of North America are under increasing threats from multiple stressors including climate change, land use and land cover modifications, regulation of waterways, and rising demands for irrigation and human consumption. Cumulative impacts of these stressors endanger water security across the continent, posing significant challenges for socio-economic activity and the health and well-being of many individuals and ecosystems. Thus, there is an urgent need to track closely the current trajectory of transient and periodic hydrometeorological phenomena affecting freshwater availability for community, agricultural, industrial, and ecological requirements. This proposed program of research comprises five inter-related projects with the overarching goal of studying hydrometeorological phenomena that experience periodic fluctuations and trends in response to environmental and anthropogenic disturbances while training a total of 10 highly-qualified personnel. The first project will study weather extremes that lead to and sustain large wildfires in BC's Interior. We will explore outbreaks of severe thunderstorm activity that often trigger wildfires. After ignition, sustained periods of high winds can rapidly expand wildfires and transport smoke vast distances, influencing air quality across North America. Using self-organizing maps, a synoptic climatology of dominant atmospheric patterns that result in severe thunderstorm outbreaks and high wind episodes will be compiled. Applying discrete Fourier transforms to water level data plus observations from a network of 15 weather stations we operate, the second project will yield a climatology of winds that induce seiches for Cheslatta, Francois and Quesnel lakes. Thereafter, we will establish their impacts on downstream water temperatures, as seiches can lead to sudden releases of cool, deep lake water into rivers. Using a novel weekly hydropeaking index, the third project will address the seasonality and extremes in hydropeaking across 500 sites in North America from 1920 to present. We will also formulate a diurnal hydropeaking index to quantify sub-daily water fluctuations in rivers across Canada and the USA. Then we will assess how the COVID-19 pandemic affected both weekly and sub-daily hydropeaking in Canada and the USA. The fourth project will tackle the intensity and periodicity of thermopeaking in regulated rivers. We will compare oscillations in river water temperatures in regulated rivers vs. those that observe effects of upstream lake seiching. Finally, we will explore how heat waves, such as occurred in late June/early July 2021 across western North America, affect water temperatures in both regulated (including thermopeaking) and unregulated rivers. Building on previous research relating the PDO and ENSO on air temperatures, precipitation and river discharge, a fifth project will assess links between teleconnections to river water temperatures in Western Canada.

北美的淡水资源正受到多种压力因素日益严重的威胁，包括气候变化、土地利用和土地覆盖变化、水道监管以及不断增长的灌溉和人类消费需求。这些压力因素的累积影响危及整个非洲大陆的水安全，对社会经济活动以及许多个人和生态系统的健康和福祉构成重大挑战。因此，迫切需要密切跟踪影响社区、农业、工业和生态需求的淡水可用性的瞬态和周期性水文气象现象的当前轨迹。该拟议研究计划包括五个相互关联的项目，总体目标是研究因环境和人为干扰而经历周期性波动和趋势的水文气象现象，同时培训总共 10 名高素质人员。第一个项目将研究导致和维持不列颠哥伦比亚省内陆大规模野火的极端天气。我们将探讨经常引发野火的严重雷暴活动的爆发。着火后，持续的大风会迅速扩大野火并将烟雾输送到很远的地方，影响整个北美的空气质量。使用自组织地图，将编制导致严重雷暴爆发和大风事件的主要大气模式的天气气候学。第二个项目将离散傅里叶变换应用于水位数据以及我们运营的 15 个气象站网络的观测结果，将产生风的气候学，这些风会引起切斯拉塔湖、弗朗索瓦湖和克内尔湖的水流。此后，我们将确定它们对下游水温的影响，因为水坝可能导致凉爽的深湖水突然释放到河流中。 第三个项目将使用新颖的每周水峰峰值指数，解决 1920 年至今北美 500 个地点水峰峰值的季节性和极端情况。我们还将制定每日水位峰值指数，以量化加拿大和美国河流的次日水位波动。然后我们将评估 COVID-19 大流行如何影响加拿大和美国每周和次日的水峰峰值。第四个项目将解决受管制河流中热峰的强度和周期性问题。我们将比较受监管河流的水温波动与观察上游湖泊封堵影响的水温波动。最后，我们将探讨热浪（例如 2021 年 6 月下旬/7 月初横跨北美西部发生的热浪）如何影响受管制（包括热峰）和不受管制河流的水温。在之前有关 PDO 和 ENSO 对气温、降水和河流流量的研究的基础上，第五个项目将评估遥相关与加拿大西部河流水温之间的联系。