Centering HVAC system design and operation on the occupant : early childhood educational spaces

以居住者为中心的 HVAC 系统设计和操作：幼儿教育空间

• 批准号: RGPIN-2020-04986
• 负责人: DAvignon, Katherine
• 金额: $ 1.97万
• 依托单位: École de technologie supérieure
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=753900
• 关键词: Centering; HVAC; system; design; operation

Thermal comfort assessment and indoor environment quality evaluations have existed for a number of years. Due to the absence of any regulatory mandate, high cost of measuring equipment, limitations of numerical simulation tools and difficulty in finding the parameter values for the equations involved, the industry often omits indoor environmental assessment altogether. For unconventional occupants, this can lead to discomfort. Various low-energy heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) system operation principles can appear counterintuitive to occupants, leading them to inadvertently reduce system performance when making changes to their environment with the goal of improving their personal comfort. Energy efficient HVAC system operation is reliant on occupant comfort. When monitoring systems require occupants to express their discomfort for operation settings to be changed, vulnerable occupant groups such as toddlers and young children cannot obtain satisfaction. They also cannot make use of most adaptive behaviour to restore their comfort such as opening windows, altering clothing levels or operation setpoints. The objective of this research program is to address these requirements, starting with a focus on occupant-centric design and operation of early childhood educational (ECE) facilities. The global objective of this research program is to explore methods to ensure the long-term energy efficiency of Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems in institutional buildings by centering design and operation on occupant comfort. To begin, early childhood educational spaces (<8y) including both child development centers (<6y) and elementary schools (4-11y) will be targeted. This research program aims: 1) to improve the analysis of radiant thermal effects on children, 2) to determine the operational limits of radiant floor heating systems compatible with ECE occupant comfort, and 3) to quantify the performance of displacement ventilation systems used in ECE facilities. This work will provide insight into the appropriate design conditions for spaces where the predominant occupants (toddlers and young children) have a distinctive physiology and metabolism. Results will better define the adequate operational limits of radiant floor heating and displacement ventilation systems in ECE spaces. Situations where indoor environment quality calculation parameters need to be customized will become clearer and results will inform guidelines for HVAC system designers. The latter will have direct impact on industry practices, as will the expertise developed by the HQPs involved. Environmental and economic benefits from improved energy efficiency are to be expected but, more importantly, the increased academic performance of pupils will be the largest long-term impact of this research.

热舒适性评价和室内环境质量评价已存在多年。由于缺乏任何监管规定、测量设备成本高昂、数值模拟工具的局限性以及难以为所涉及的方程找到参数值，该行业经常完全省略室内环境评估。对于非传统的居住者来说，这可能会导致不适。各种低能耗供暖、通风和空调(HVAC)系统的运行原理可能会对居住者来说是违反直觉的，导致他们在为改善个人舒适性而改变环境时无意中降低了系统性能。节能的暖通空调系统的运行取决于乘员的舒适性。当监测系统要求乘员表达他们对改变操作设置的不适时，幼儿和幼儿等弱势乘员群体无法获得满足。他们也不能利用大多数适应性行为来恢复他们的舒适感，比如打开窗户、改变衣服水平或操作设置点。这项研究计划的目标是满足这些要求，首先关注以居住者为中心的幼儿教育设施的设计和运营。这项研究计划的总体目标是探索以舒适度为中心的设计和运行方法，确保机构建筑中供暖、通风和空调(HVAC)系统的长期能效。首先，将针对儿童早期教育空间(&lt；8y)，包括儿童发展中心(&lt；6y)和小学(4-11y)。本研究计划的目的是：1)改进对儿童的辐射热影响的分析；2)确定地板辐射供暖系统与儿童舒适性相适应的运行极限；3)量化儿童教育设施中使用的置换通风系统的性能。这项工作将为主要居住者(幼儿和幼儿)具有独特的生理和新陈代谢的空间提供适当的设计条件。结果将更好地确定欧洲经委会空间内地板辐射供暖和置换通风系统的适当运行限度。需要定制室内环境质量计算参数的情况将变得更加清晰，其结果将为暖通空调系统设计人员提供指导。后者将对行业实践产生直接影响，所涉及的HQP开发的专业知识也将产生影响。提高能源效率带来的环境和经济利益是可以预期的，但更重要的是，学生学习成绩的提高将是这项研究最大的长期影响。