Exchange gas cryostat system for electrical characterization of materials at low temperatures

用于低温下材料电特性表征的交换气体低温恒温器系统

• 批准号: RTI-2023-00491
• 负责人: Sirois, Frédéric
• 金额: $ 10.93万
• 依托单位: École Polytechnique de Montréal
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Research Tools and Instruments
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=754034
• 关键词: Exchange; gas; cryostat; system; electrical

In the last 30 years, there has been a rising interest for new families of superconducting materials, these materials that conduct electricity without resistance at low temperatures (around -200 degrees Celsius). Superconductors are now getting mature and will soon be present in numerous commercial products. The performance and the economics of the applications strongly depends on the electrical and mechanical properties of these materials, which are highly function of temperature and magnetic field. Thus, a prerequisite to achieve an efficient technological use of superconductors is to acquire a detailed knowledge of their physical properties. The Laboratory of Superconductivity and Magnetism (LSM) of Polytechnique Montreal advances the science and technology of superconductivity and particularly its applications in various fields, namely energy, transportation and biomedical. Its research program is unique in Canada owing to its focus on the characterization of commercial superconducting materials (large-scale samples) that are used in a wide range of emerging applications, for instance loss-free power transmission cables. The equipment asked for in this proposal is a variable temperature cryostat system capable of cooling superconducting samples at temperatures between 4.2 K (-269 Celcius) and room temperature, in order to support research in applied superconductivity, carried out with local and international partners. More specifically, the new equipment will allow performing two main types of experiments: 1) transport current measurements, and 2) magnetization measurements. The first type of experiment is very demanding in terms of cooling power. This led us to choose an exchange gas cryostat technology. Note that the new equipment will replace a former one that has reached its end of life. The new cryostat will also be compatible with the existing laboratory instrumentation and electromagnets, and it will improve substantially the range of temperature at which the characterization of superconductors can be performed in the current research program. It will also support research in emerging topics like 1) high-field magnets based on high temperature superconducting wires, and 2) synergetic action of liquid hydrogen and superconducting devices for greener aviation. That will put Polytechnique Montreal and the LSM in a unique position worldwide regarding the characterization of superconductors and should fulfill all research and training needs for the next 10 to 15 years. Among the practical impacts of the projects that will be carried out with the equipment requested, one can cite: 1) new types of cancer treatments using magnetic steering of drugs in blood arteries, 2) the development of electric propulsions systems for greener aircrafts, 3) the generation of very high magnetic fields to use in medical imaging, particle accelerators (for research in high-energy physics), nuclear fusion, etc.

在过去的 30 年里，人们对新型超导材料的兴趣日益浓厚，这些材料在低温（-200 摄氏度左右）下无电阻导电。超导体现已日趋成熟，并将很快出现在众多商业产品中。应用的性能和经济性很大程度上取决于这些材料的电气和机械性能，而这些性能与温度和磁场密切相关。因此，实现超导体有效技术利用的先决条件是详细了解其物理特性。蒙特利尔理工学院的超导与磁学实验室（LSM）致力于推进超导科学技术的发展，特别是其在能源、交通和生物医学等各个领域的应用。其研究项目在加拿大是独一无二的，因为它专注于商业超导材料（大规模样品）的表征，这些材料广泛用于各种新兴应用，例如无损耗电力传输电缆。 该提案要求的设备是一个变温低温恒温器系统，能够在 4.2 K（-269 摄氏度）和室温之间冷却超导样品，以支持与当地和国际合作伙伴开展的应用超导研究。更具体地说，新设备将允许执行两种主要类型的实验：1）传输电流测量，2）磁化测量。第一类实验对冷却能力要求很高。这导致我们选择交换气体低温恒温器技术。请注意，新设备将取代已达到使用寿命的旧设备。新的低温恒温器还将与现有的实验室仪器和电磁体兼容，并将大大改善当前研究计划中可以进行超导体表征的温度范围。它还将支持新兴主题的研究，例如1）基于高温超导线的高场磁体，以及2）液氢和超导装置的协同作用以实现绿色航空。这将使蒙特利尔理工学院和 LSM 在超导体表征方面处于全球独特的地位，并应满足未来 10 至 15 年的所有研究和培训需求。在使用所需设备进行的项目的实际影响中，可以举出：1）利用血液动脉中的药物磁控的新型癌症治疗方法，2）开发更环保的飞机的电力推进系统，3）产生用于医学成像、粒子加速器（用于高能物理研究）、核聚变等的极高磁场。