L2M NSERC - Novel Glass Polyalkenoate Cement for the Treatment of Metastatic Bone Cancer.

癌细胞可以在骨骼中转移，其发生率取决于原发肿瘤的位置：65-75%是乳腺癌；65-75%是前列腺癌；30-40%是肺癌。国际癌症研究机构估计，2020年新增癌症病例1930万例，其中肺癌(11.6%)、乳腺癌(11.6%)和前列腺癌(7.3%)是最常见的四大癌症之一，这表明大多数晚期癌症患者发展为转移性骨癌的风险很高。转移性骨癌干扰骨重建过程，通常导致骨吸收增加；这会导致这些已经患病的患者经历剧烈疼痛和骨骼相关事件(SRE)的威胁，这些并发症会增加死亡率；其中最令人担忧的是病理性骨折。此外，他们相关的医疗成本相当高，与没有遇到SRE的患者相比，平均每年增加67,257美元的成本，这是由于急诊室和医生就诊的次数增加，住院时间延长，服药次数增加等。因此，缓解SRE的发展对于护理转移性骨癌患者至关重要，这是通过减少骨吸收和治疗潜在的恶性肿瘤实现的。玻璃聚烯烃水泥(GPC)被用于牙科和耳鼻喉(ENT)手术。它们是由离子生物活性玻璃和水性聚丙烯酸之间的酸碱反应形成的。此外，玻璃相可以被定制为释放一系列具有特定性质的离子。例如，在其离子形式中，镓(Ga)已经显示出抗肿瘤作用和延缓骨吸收的能力。我们的研究小组基于一种新型的专利(US 10/815,144)生物活性玻璃，重新设计了专门用于手腕骨折固定的牙科GPC。对这种玻璃的改进产生了一种GPC，能够提供局部剂量的GA，并有可能抑制癌症活动，提供结构支持，改善患者的预后，并降低医疗成本。

Cancer cells can metastasize in the skeleton, with incidence depending on the location of the primary tumour: 65-75% breast; 65-75% prostate and 30-40% lung. The International Agency for Research on Cancer estimated 19.3 million new cancer cases in 2020, of which lung (11.6%), breast (11.6%), and prostate (7.3%) were among the top four most common cancers, suggesting that majority of patients suffering from advanced cancers are at high risk of developing metastatic bone cancer.Metastatic bone cancers interfere with the bone remodelling process, often resulting in increased bone resorption; this causes these already morbid patients to experience severe pain and the threat of suffering from skeletal-related events (SREs), which are an array of complications which increase mortality; the most concerning being a pathological fracture. Moreover, their associated healthcare costs are considerable, with a mean additional cost of 67,257USD/year compared to patients who do not encounter SREs, attributed to an increased number of ER and physician visits, longer hospital stays, number of medications filled, etc. Therefore, mitigating the development of SREs is critical for the care of metastatic bone cancer patients, which is achieved by reducing bone resorption and treating the underlying malignancy.Glass polyalkenoate cements (GPCs) are employed in both dentistry and ear, nose, and throat (ENT) surgeries. They set by an acid-base reaction between an ionomeric bioactive glass and aqueous polyacrylic acid. Furthermore, the glass phase can be tailored to release an array of ions that possess specific properties. For instance, in its ionic form, gallium (Ga) has demonstrated antitumour effects and the ability to retard bone resorption. Our research group has re-engineered dental GPCs specifically for wrist fracture fixation based on a novel, patented (US 10/815,144) bioactive glass. Modification of this glass had yielded a GPC with the ability to supply a localized dosage of Ga and the potential to suppress cancer activity, provide structural support, improve patients' outcomes, and reduce healthcare costs.