Materials deformation and aging in nuclear power systems

核电系统中的材料变形和老化

• 批准号: 575642-2022
• 负责人: Daymond, MarkMR
• 金额: $ 23.89万
• 依托单位: Queen's University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Alliance Grants
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=759799
• 关键词: Materials; deformation; aging; nuclear; power

There is a world-wide recognition that nuclear must be a major component of future power generation to lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, to address climate change and extreme weather events. Canada needs significant new electricity generation capacity to address electrification of transportation and heating, as well as the process-heat needs of industry. Maximising the lifetime of existing Canadian reactors makes economic and environmental sense in terms of producing electricity without CO2 production. There is an international development race underway for small modular reactors (SMRs). By using advanced reactor concepts in a smaller design, SMRs require reduced capital investment, have enhanced safety features, and are scalable; thus equally applicable to remote communities in northern Canada, or mining operations, and for on-grid applications.The key technology gap limiting life extension of existing nuclear plants, as well as rapid deployment of SMRs, is the ability to accurately predict materials performance in the high radiation nuclear environment. This proposal addresses the research needs of next generation SMRs and existing Canada Deuterium Uranium (CANDU) reactors, within the area of structural materials for nuclear power. There are four research goals identified in collaboration with industrial partners: 1) to determine the behavior of existing nuclear materials in both present generation CANDU reactors and the more severe environments that are expected in SMRs; 2) explore the suitability of new materials and coatings proposed for implementation in SMRs; 3) develop a quantitative understanding of the behavior of materials within a reactor environment with the goal of developing predictive models; 4) develop a physical understanding of the mechanisms and processes that are specific to the nuclear reactor environment. As well as delivering on these research goals, the proposal will serve to train graduate students in an area where there is a strong industrial demand for expert HQP.

全世界都认识到，核能必须成为未来发电的主要组成部分，以降低温室气体（GHG）排放，应对气候变化和极端天气事件。 加拿大需要大量的新发电能力来满足运输和供暖电气化以及工业过程热的需求。 最大限度地延长加拿大现有反应堆的使用寿命对于在不产生二氧化碳的情况下发电而言具有经济和环境意义。 小型模块化反应堆（SMR）的国际开发竞赛正在进行中。通过在更小的设计中使用先进的反应堆概念，中小型反应堆需要减少资本投资，具有增强的安全特性，并且具有可扩展性；因此同样适用于加拿大北部的偏远社区或采矿作业以及并网应用。限制现有核电站寿命延长以及小型模块堆快速部署的关键技术差距是准确预测高辐射核环境中材料性能的能力。 该提案解决了核电结构材料领域下一代中小型反应堆和现有加拿大氘铀（CANDU）反应堆的研究需求。 与工业合作伙伴合作确定了四个研究目标：1）确定现有核材料在当前一代 CANDU 反应堆和 SMR 中预期的更恶劣环境中的行为； 2) 探索建议在中小型反应堆中实施的新材料和涂层的适用性； 3）定量了解反应堆环境中材料的行为，以开发预测模型； 4) 对核反应堆环境特有的机制和过程产生物理理解。除了实现这些研究目标外，该提案还将有助于在对专家 HQP 有强烈行业需求的领域培训研究生。