Toward a Large-Scale Superconducting Quantum Computer: Error Management and Scalability

迈向大规模超导量子计算机：错误管理和可扩展性

• 批准号: RGPIN-2019-04022
• 负责人: Mariantoni, Matteo
• 金额: $ 2.48万
• 依托单位: University of Waterloo
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=763041
• 关键词: Toward; Large; Scale; Superconducting; Quantum

Practical quantum computers are closer to reality than ever before. Among many implementations, trapped ions, semiconducting devices, and superconducting quantum circuits are among the most promising candidates to implement medium- and large-scale quantum computers with ~100-100000 qubits. Superconducting qubits have already been integrated in arrays of ~50 qubits and can in principle be further integrated. However, dissipation phenomena due to imperfect materials or inadequate engineering can cause a qubit to fail and, to date, continue to be a major challenge. Additionally, moving from medium- to large-scale systems will require truly scalable classical qubit wiring and control techniques that are not yet available. The community working on practical quantum computers has evolved dramatically in the last five years. Major ventures such as IBM and Google are investing hundreds of millions of dollars to improve and scale up qubit arrays. In order to be competitive, it is imperative to choose a research plan clinically. The classical integrated circuit industry should serve as an example. Major ventures build the hardware and software required for a complete computing platform; research labs investigate the open scientific and technological challenges and find solutions that are then adopted by the large companies. The long-term vision of my research program is to reduce qubit errors and develop scalable technologies for a large-scale quantum computer. The two main objectives are: O1)Error management: a.Banish dissipation due to imperfect materials by integrating a novel superconducting circuit: The pocketmon resonator. b.Realize a new qubit: The pocketmon qubit. O2)Scalability: a.Develop a new qubit wiring technique for a large-scale quantum computer: Pin-chip bonding for fully vertical interconnects. b.Benchmark pin-chip bonding with qubits. Material imperfections in superconducting on-chip devices are due to the presence of oxidized layers in proximity of the qubits. The pocketmon qubit is a new type of superconducting device where, instead of removing the oxidized layers, we store the qubit energy in a region of space that is only marginally affected by the unwanted layers. Pin-chip bonding is a novel qubit wiring technique that I invented. This technique makes it possible to operate two-dimensional arrays with more than 100000 qubits, permitting to reach any qubit in the array from above instead of laterally, as presently done with traditional techniques. If a square chip contains NxN qubits, accessing the qubits from above allows us to reach N2 qubits instead of just 4N qubits from the sides. Canada in general and, in particular, Waterloo have already created a strong "quantum ecosystem." My research program aims at strengthening this effort in the direction of practical quantum computing technologies. This will generate a strong class of highly skilled Canadian students with expertise in a rapidly blooming field of research.

实用的量子计算机比以往任何时候都更接近现实。在众多实现中，捕获离子、半导体器件和超导量子电路是最有希望实现约 100-100000 量子位的中型和大规模量子计算机的候选者。超导量子位已经集成到约 50 个量子位的阵列中，并且原则上可以进一步集成。然而，由于不完美的材料或不充分的工程而导致的耗散现象可能会导致量子位失效，并且迄今为止仍然是一个重大挑战。此外，从中型系统转向大型系统将需要真正可扩展的经典量子位接线和控制技术，但目前尚不可用。在过去的五年里，致力于实用量子计算机的社区取得了巨大的发展。 IBM 和谷歌等大型企业正在投资数亿美元来改进和扩大量子位阵列。为了具有竞争力，临床上选择研究方案势在必行。经典的集成电路产业应该作为一个例子。主要企业构建完整计算平台所需的硬件和软件；研究实验室调查开放的科学和技术挑战，并找到随后被大公司采用的解决方案。我的研究计划的长期愿景是减少量子位错误并为大型量子计算机开发可扩展的技术。两个主要目标是： O1) 错误管理： a. 通过集成新颖的超导电路：pocketmon 谐振器，消除由于不完美材料造成的耗散。 b.实现一个新的量子位：pocketmon量子位。 O2) 可扩展性：a. 为大型量子计算机开发一种新的量子位接线技术：用于完全垂直互连的引脚芯片键合。 b. 使用量子位进行引脚芯片键合基准测试。超导片上器件中的材料缺陷是由于量子位附近存在氧化层造成的。 Pocketmon 量子位是一种新型超导器件，我们不是去除氧化层，而是将量子位能量存储在仅受不需要的层轻微影响的空间区域中。引脚芯片键合是我发明的一种新颖的量子位接线技术。该技术使得操作具有超过 100000 个量子位的二维阵列成为可能，允许从上方而不是像目前传统技术那样横向到达阵列中的任何量子位。如果方形芯片包含 NxN 个量子位，则从上面访问量子位可以让我们达到 N2 个量子位，而不是从侧面仅达到 4N 个量子位。整个加拿大，特别是滑铁卢已经创建了一个强大的“量子生态系统”。我的研究计划旨在加强实用量子计算技术方向的努力。这将产生一大批高技能的加拿大学生，他们在快速发展的研究领域拥有专业知识。