Listen and Relax: Evaluating the impact of acoustic listening on biomarkers of stress as a function of stressor type and timing

在过去的二十年里，听音乐来调节压力生理的效用越来越受到关注。研究表明，听音乐可以调节情绪，产生放松的感觉。因此，音乐被认为是一种非侵入性的减压方式。然而，听音乐在调节人类应激反应方面的实证验证仍然难以捉摸。文献中不一致的发现源于方法学上的局限性，包括样本特征、所使用的压力诱导方案、声学选择和音乐暴露的时机。我的研究计划将通过对声学声音的系统操作、相对于应激诱导的声学暴露时间以及应激诱导的形式来阐明声学倾听对人类应激反应的调制作用。我的节目将探讨：1)声学选择对情绪、脑电波和交感神经活动的影响；2)作为应激诱导方案的功能，声学聆听对调节应激反应的影响；3)听音乐对作为时间函数调节应激反应的影响；4)在自然环境中，声学倾听与应激生理学之间的联系。此外，每个目标将包括按性别和年龄对效果修正的分析。其他探索性分析将把性别和种族认同作为效果修饰符。为了达到这些研究目标，我们提出了三项研究。第一项研究(n=310)将需要一个随机的受试者间设计，包括5个声学条件，以检查应激生理指标的声学选择。第二项研究(n=240)将使用混合析因交叉设计解决目标2和3，以考察声学听音对应激的影响作为声学计时和应激诱导方案的函数。最后一项研究(n=300)将需要在考试期间对学生样本进行随机的受试者之间的现场实验。除了促进HQP的发展外，拟议的计划还将通过阐明可能通过声学听来决定压力调节的语境因素，显著促进我们在心理学和神经科学领域的知识，并将在考虑年龄、性别、性别和种族的不同样本中，更深入地了解声学在调节压力生理学中的机制。这项研究的发现将有助于正在进行的音乐应用程序和技术的开发，并将为我的团队和合作者未来的实验室和现场工作提供重要的基础工作。我在心理学和神经科学方面的多学科培训和专业知识，加上我在音乐和听觉研究方面与科学家的合作工作，以及X大学(前身为瑞尔森大学)的基础设施，使我非常适合并做好了充分准备来领导这个研究项目。

The utility of music listening to regulate stress physiology has gained increasing attention over the last two decades. Research shows that music listening can regulate emotion and induce feelings of relaxation. Consequently, music has been proposed as a non-invasive way to reduce stress. However, empirical validation of music listening in regulating  the human stress response remains elusive. Inconsistent findings in the literature stem from methodological limitations including sample characteristics, the stress induction protocol used, acoustic selection, and timing of music exposure. My research program will elucidate the modulatory effects of acoustic listening on the human stress response through systematic manipulation of the acoustic sound, temporal exposure to acoustic sound relative to stress induction, and the form of stress induction. My program will address: 1) The effect of acoustic selection on affect, brain waves and sympathetic activity; 2) The effect of acoustic listening on modulating the stress response as a function of stress induction protocol; 3) The effect of music listening on modulating the stress response as a function of timing ; and 4) The association between acoustic listening and stress physiology in a naturalistic setting. Furthermore, each objective will include an analysis of effect modification by sex and age. Additional exploratory analyses will consider gender and ethno-racial identity as effect modifiers. To address these study objectives, three studies are proposed. The first study (n=310) will entail a randomized within-between-subjects design with 5 acoustic conditions to examine acoustic selection on indices of stress physiology. The second study (n=240) will address objectives 2 and 3 using a mixed factorial crossover design, to examine the effect of acoustic listening on stress as a function of acoustic timing and stress induction protocol. The final study (n=300) will entail a randomized between-subjects field experiment in a sample of student during examination period. In addition to fostering the development of HQP, the proposed program will significantly further our knowledge in the fields of psychology and neuroscience by elucidating contextual factors that may determine stress modulation through acoustic listening and will provide greater insight into mechanisms of acoustic sounds in modulating stress physiology, within a diverse sample that considers age, sex, gender and ethnicity. The findings from this research will contribute to the ongoing development of music applications and technology and will provide important foundational work for future lab and field work by my team and collaborators. My multidisciplinary training and expertise in psychology and neuroscience, coupled with my collaborative work with scientists in music and auditory research, and the infrastructure at X (formerly Ryerson) University, makes me highly suitable and well prepared to lead this research program.