Investigating the independent effects of endogenous and exogenous attention on the capacity of audiovisual integration

研究内源性和外源性注意力对视听整合能力的独立影响

• 批准号: RGPIN-2020-04291
• 负责人: Wilbiks, Jonathan
• 金额: $ 2.04万
• 依托单位: University of New Brunswick
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=764203
• 关键词: Investigating; independent; effects; endogenous; exogenous

In our lives, we are constantly affected by information being processed by our sensory systems. While these inputs are initially processed separately (e.g. by our eyes and by our ears), they also interact at various stages in our brain, which makes the implicit decision about whether those sensory inputs came from the same source or not. To do this, our brain uses numerous cues, such as whether the information came from the same location in space, whether we sensed it at the same time, and whether the information seems to match between what we saw and what we heard. While this process occurs constantly and automatically through most of our daily existence, it can also be affected by information that occurs shortly before the stimuli in question. This process, known as attentional cueing, has been studied extensively in the visual and auditory modalities, but has not previously been studied in the context of audiovisual integration capacity. This proposal describes a program of research that will be conducted in the MMP Lab at the University of New Brunswick Saint John to examine these phenomena. The initial objective of the program will involve an investigation into exogenous cues (those which draw an individual's attention in the moment) and endogenous cues (those which direct an individual to shift their attention) in auditory, visual, and audiovisual conditions. The experiments under this first objective will look at how these different cueing conditions affect an individual's ability to integrate more than one visual stimulus with a sound. Two graduate students will be recruited in order to complete this investigation, which will provide them with an opportunity for training on psychophysical testing methodologies, and the opportunity to write and present at conferences. Once this first objective has been achieved, a third graduate student will be involved in a second project, working on creation of an attentional cueing test that involves auditory, visual, and audiovisual cues and targets. This builds on earlier versions of the task, and extends what is known about information presented in differing modalities. In addition to extending our understanding of modalities and attentional cueing, this research program will further knowledge about the phenomenology behind attention deficit disorders. Previous research has not always been in agreement in this regard, with some studies showing that attentional abilities are specifically and selectively reduced in individuals with attention disorders, while other studies suggest that the differences between affected individuals and non-affected individuals is actually at the sensory processing level. By reducing processing difficulty (through increasing the number of sensory cues available), we will be able to ascertain whether individuals' attention deficits are truly attentional, or whether they are sensory issues.

在我们的生活中，我们不断受到我们的感官系统处理的信息的影响。虽然这些输入最初是单独处理的（例如，通过我们的眼睛和耳朵），但它们也会在我们大脑的不同阶段相互作用，从而隐含地决定这些感官输入是否来自同一来源。为了做到这一点，我们的大脑使用了许多线索，例如信息是否来自空间中的同一位置，我们是否在同一时间感知到它，以及信息是否与我们看到的和听到的相匹配。虽然这个过程在我们日常生活中不断自动发生，但它也会受到刺激前不久发生的信息的影响。这个过程，被称为注意线索，已被广泛研究的视觉和听觉的方式，但以前没有被研究的背景下，视听整合能力。该提案描述了一项研究计划，将在新玩法圣约翰大学的MMP实验室进行，以检查这些现象。该计划的初步目标将涉及调查在听觉，视觉和视听条件下的外源性线索（那些吸引个人注意力的时刻）和内源性线索（那些引导个人转移注意力的线索）。第一个目标下的实验将研究这些不同的提示条件如何影响个体将一种以上的视觉刺激与声音整合的能力。将招募两名研究生完成这项调查，这将为他们提供一个接受心理物理测试方法培训的机会，并有机会写作和在会议上发言。一旦第一个目标已经实现，第三个研究生将参与第二个项目，致力于创建一个注意力提示测试，涉及听觉，视觉和视听线索和目标。这建立在任务的早期版本的基础上，并扩展了对以不同方式呈现的信息的了解。除了扩展我们对模态和注意力提示的理解外，这项研究计划还将进一步了解注意力缺陷障碍背后的现象学。以前的研究并不总是在这方面达成一致，一些研究表明，注意力障碍的个体的注意力能力会特异性和选择性地降低，而其他研究表明，受影响的个体和未受影响的个体之间的差异实际上是在感觉处理水平上。通过减少处理难度（通过增加可用的感官线索的数量），我们将能够确定个体的注意力缺陷是真正的注意力缺陷，还是感官问题。