The ecology and management of overabundant bird populations

鸟类数量过多的生态与管理

• 批准号: RGPIN-2018-04353
• 负责人: Giroux, JeanFrançois
• 金额: $ 2.91万
• 依托单位: Université du Québec à Montréal
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=765201
• 关键词: ecology; management; overabundant; bird; populations

The long-term objective of my research program is to study the ecology of overabundant bird populations within the general framework of adaptive management. I propose to complete my studies on two populations of birds that have different dynamics and contrasting management systems. A first series of objectives deal with a temperate-nesting population of Canada geese that I have studied since 1992. With HQP, I have estimated several demographic parameters including breeding output and survival rates. We recently found that geese showed consistency in nest defence behaviour indicating personality differences. Pairs that nested earlier and laid more eggs were more defensive. I propose to look at the association between personality traits, dispersal, and survival using our ongoing marking program. My hypothesis is that pairs that have a fast pace of life and express bolder and more aggressive behavior should tend to disperse more and to have a lower survival rate. I also propose to incorporate all demographic parameters obtained during the last 15 years into a population model to simulate different control scenarios. Knowledge about the relative effects of survival and reproductive parameters on population dynamics will help managers deciding which actions should be taken to control temperate-nesting Canada geese. It has been suggested that reducing adult survival is more efficient in reducing population growth but this is not always applicable in urban settings nor socially acceptable. Reducing breeding output is an alternative and we recently showed how egg oiling and nest removal can affect dispersal behavior of geese.The second part of my program involves a population of ring-billed gulls breeding near Montreal. We also obtained several demographic parameters for this population based on nest monitoring and an ongoing marking program that relies upon resightings by HQP and an extensive network of volunteers. A key question about gull populations and their management is their fidelity to breeding colonies. The increasing use of roof tops for nesting and the concomitant but not successful control programs require a better understanding of breeding dispersal behavior. Nest-site and mate fidelity have been considered a characteristic of many seabird species but recent technology development suggests that this may not be a general pattern. I propose to compare migration pattern, mate fidelity, and nest-site fidelity of pairs that will be successful in fledging young and those that will have their nests experimentally removed. I will first use information obtained from our banding program that includes 18,500 sightings of 5,700 individuals. This will be complemented by long-term tracking of pair members using GPS-GSM technology. Results from this program that will examine both fundamental and applied questions will be useful to wildlife managers who deal with overabundant bird populations.

我的研究计划的长期目标是在适应性管理的一般框架内研究过度丰富的鸟类种群的生态学。我建议完成我的研究两个种群的鸟类，有不同的动态和对比的管理系统。第一个系列的目标处理的加拿大鹅，我已经研究了自1992年以来的温度筑巢人口。使用HQP，我估计了几个人口统计参数，包括育种产量和存活率。我们最近发现，鹅显示一致性的巢防御行为表明个性差异。较早筑巢并产下更多蛋的夫妇更具防御性。我建议用我们正在进行的标记程序来研究人格特征、分散和生存之间的关联。我的假设是，生活节奏快、表现出更大胆、更具攻击性行为的配对应该倾向于分散得更多，存活率也更低。我还建议将过去15年中获得的所有人口参数纳入人口模型，以模拟不同的控制方案。有关生存和繁殖参数对种群动态的相对影响的知识将有助于管理人员决定应采取哪些行动来控制温巢加拿大鹅。有人认为，减少成年人的存活率在减少人口增长方面更有效，但这并不总是适用于城市环境，也不总是为社会所接受。减少繁殖产量是一种替代方案，我们最近展示了给蛋上油和拆除巢穴如何影响鹅的分散行为。我的计划的第二部分涉及蒙特利尔附近繁殖的环嘴海鸥种群。我们还获得了几个人口统计参数，这个人口的基础上，巢监测和正在进行的标记程序，依赖于由HQP和志愿者的广泛网络重新定位。关于海鸥种群及其管理的一个关键问题是它们对繁殖群体的忠诚度。越来越多地使用屋顶筑巢和随之而来的，但不成功的控制程序需要更好地了解繁殖扩散行为。巢址和配偶忠诚度一直被认为是许多海鸟物种的特征，但最近的技术发展表明，这可能不是一个普遍的模式。我建议比较迁移模式，配偶的忠诚度，和巢址的忠诚度的对，将成功地在羽翼未丰的年轻人和那些将有他们的巢实验删除。我将首先使用从我们的带状计划中获得的信息，其中包括5，700人的18，500次目击。这将通过使用GPS-GSM技术对配对成员进行长期跟踪来补充。这个项目的结果将研究基本问题和应用问题，这对野生动物管理者处理过度丰富的鸟类种群是有用的。