Addressing Human Factors Challenges for Control Room Operators in Small Modular Reactors

解决小型模块化反应堆控制室操作员面临的人为因素挑战

• 批准号: 580479-2022
• 负责人: Samuel, SibySS
• 金额: $ 8.74万
• 依托单位: University of Waterloo
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Alliance Grants
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=765898
• 关键词: Addressing; Human; Factors; Challenges; Control

Small modular reactors (SMRs) are an emerging technology in the nuclear industry that may help meet the world's future energy needs. Human Factors (HF) design issues will arise due to technological innovations and operations. Operators may experience increased cognitive demands while monitoring several reactor units simultaneously from a central main control room (MCR) or remotely monitoring units. Automated procedures may reduce human error, but they may also lower operator awareness in cases where operators need to establish a suitable mental model of plant conditions. The primary human factors issues and research concerns for multi-unit operation are the impacts of switching tasks between units and from passive monitoring to the active control of operators' performance; workload, and vigilance dichotomy of prolonged monitoring when operators are more prone to boredom and errors, to overload due to concurrent failures on numerous units; MCR operations, particularly decision-aiding technology, on operators' performance. In this context, the proposed project aims to provide an adaptive and assistive AR interface that will intervene in real-time when high levels of workload or low levels of situation awareness (SA) are recognized in nuclear power plant operators, thereby assisting operators in limiting potential operator errors in decision-making. The expected outcomes will provide cutting-edge expertise and scientific data to improve government regulatory supervision of SMRs.

小型模块化反应堆（SMR）是核工业中的一项新兴技术，可能有助于满足世界未来的能源需求。由于技术创新和运营，会出现人为因素（HF）设计问题。操作员在从中央主控制室 (MCR) 或远程监控单元同时监控多个反应堆单元时，可能会遇到更高的认知需求。自动化程序可以减少人为错误，但在操作员需要建立合适的工厂条件心理模型的情况下，它们也可能降低操作员的意识。多单元操作的主要人为因素问题和研究关注点是单元之间任务切换的影响以及从被动监控到主动控制操作员绩效的影响；当操作员更容易感到无聊和错误时，长时间监控的工作量和警惕性二分法，由于许多单元并发故障而导致过载； MCR 运营，特别是决策辅助技术，对运营商的绩效有影响。在此背景下，拟议项目旨在提供一个自适应辅助AR界面，当核电站操作员发现工作量较高或态势感知（SA）水平较低时，该界面将进行实时干预，从而帮助操作员限制决策中潜在的操作错误。预期成果将提供尖端专业知识和科学数据，以改善政府对中小型反应堆的监管。