The role of anthropogenic environmental change in driving evolution and eco-evolutionary feedbacks

人为环境变化在驱动进化和生态进化反馈中的作用

• 批准号: RGPIN-2022-04913
• 负责人: Johnson, Marc
• 金额: $ 5.68万
• 依托单位: University of Toronto
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=765979
• 关键词: role; anthropogenic; environmental; change; driving

Humans are having an increasing impact on earth's environments and biodiversity. My research seeks to understand how these anthropogenic changes influence evolution, and whether this evolution affects ecological processes and patterns. In the next 5 years, my lab will address three research objectives: 1) Understand how global urbanization affects plant evolution 2) Determine the ability of plants to adapt to climatic variation in space and time 3) Assess how adaptation to urbanization and climate feeds back to affect multispecies communities and ecosystems  Objective 1 builds on the Global Urban Evolution project, a study I launched in 2018 to understand how global urbanization affects the evolution of white clover plants (Trifolium repens). Using whole genome sequence data from >2500 plants across 50 cities, we will determine how urbanization affects multiple evolutionary processes, including gene flow, genetic drift, and natural selection. We will also experimentally quantify the extent to which plants are adapted to urban environments. Finally, we will test how urban soil and air pollution influence mutation rates.  In Objective 2, we will conduct two large projects to understand whether populations adapt to ongoing climate change or climatic variation in a species' introduced range. For the first project, we have transplanted clover plants from across Europe and North America (NA) into experimental gardens in the north and south of both continents. This experiment will determine whether populations are adapted to their local climate and keeping pace with climate change. The second project examines the adaptation of clover to climatic variation in the species' introduced range. Using crosses between plants adapted to warm and cool climates of NA, we are examining how temperature, precipitation and herbivores interact to affect genome evolution.  Objective 3 will assess how adaptation to human driven environmental change influences communities and ecosystems. The first project will examine how adaptative divergence between urban and rural populations shape pollinator, herbivore and microbial communities. The second project will dissect whether adaption to climate feeds back to influence these same communities. IMPACT & TRAINING-These projects will represent major advances to understanding how anthropogenic environmental change shapes evolution, and how these changes further affect communities and ecosystems. Our results will have important implications for conservation, pest management, urban planning, and mitigating climate change. Trainees will play a central role in all research objectives. I will recruit and provide multidisciplinary training to 45 highly qualified personnel at all levels of study (PDF, PhD, MSc, BSc), including mentorship on obtaining careers in science. I will continue to create an inclusive environment and work to increase diversity in my lab and research community while promoting equity that helps individuals succeed.

人类对地球环境和生物多样性产生越来越多的影响。我的研究试图了解这些人为变化如何影响进化，以及这种进化是否影响生态过程和模式。在接下来的5年中，我的实验室将解决三个研究目标：1）了解全球城市化如何影响植物的进化2）确定植物适应时间和时间时空的气候变化的能力3）评估如何适应城市化和气候如何影响多样性社区和生态系统的目标1在全球范围内构建了整个研究阶级，该植物在全球范围内构建了整个阶段，该研究的发展量如何，该研究的发展量如何，该研究的发展量如何，该研究的发展量如何。 （三叶型）。使用来自50个城市> 2500个植物的整个基因组序列数据，我们将确定城市化如何影响多个进化过程，包括基因流，遗传漂移和自然选择。我们还将通过实验量化植物适应城市环境的程度。最后，我们将测试城市土壤和空气污染如何影响突变率。在目标2中，我们将进行两个大型项目，以了解种群是否适应了持续的气候变化或物种引入范围的杂交变化。对于第一个项目，我们将来自欧洲和北美（NA）（NA）的三叶草植物移植到了两个连续性的北部和南部的实验花园。该实验将确定种群是否适应其当地气候，并跟上气候变化的步伐。第二个项目检查三叶草对物种引入范围的杂种变异的适应。使用适合Na温暖和凉爽气候的植物之间的杂交，我们正在研究温度，降水和食草动物如何相互作用以影响基因组的演化。目标3将评估对人类驱动的环境变化的适应如何影响社区和生态系统。第一个项目将研究城市和农村人口之间的自适应差异如何塑造传粉媒介，草食动物和微生物群落。第二个项目将剖析适应气候的适应以影响这些相同的社区。影响与培训 - 这些项目将代表了解人为环境变化如何塑造进化以及这些变化如何进一步影响社区和生态系统的主要进步。我们的结果将对保护，害虫管理，城市规划和缓解气候变化具有重要意义。学员将在所有研究目标中发挥核心作用。我将在各个级别的研究（PDF，PhD，MSC，BSC）中为45名高素质的人员招募并提供多学科培训，包括有关获得科学职业的精神训练。我将继续创造一个包容性的环境，并努力增加我的实验室和研究社区的多样性，同时促进帮助个人成功的公平。