The role of anthropogenic environmental change in driving evolution and eco-evolutionary feedbacks

人为环境变化在驱动进化和生态进化反馈中的作用

• 批准号: RGPIN-2022-04913
• 负责人: Johnson, Marc
• 金额: $ 5.68万
• 依托单位: University of Toronto
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=765979
• 关键词: role; anthropogenic; environmental; change; driving

Humans are having an increasing impact on earth's environments and biodiversity. My research seeks to understand how these anthropogenic changes influence evolution, and whether this evolution affects ecological processes and patterns. In the next 5 years, my lab will address three research objectives: 1) Understand how global urbanization affects plant evolution 2) Determine the ability of plants to adapt to climatic variation in space and time 3) Assess how adaptation to urbanization and climate feeds back to affect multispecies communities and ecosystems  Objective 1 builds on the Global Urban Evolution project, a study I launched in 2018 to understand how global urbanization affects the evolution of white clover plants (Trifolium repens). Using whole genome sequence data from >2500 plants across 50 cities, we will determine how urbanization affects multiple evolutionary processes, including gene flow, genetic drift, and natural selection. We will also experimentally quantify the extent to which plants are adapted to urban environments. Finally, we will test how urban soil and air pollution influence mutation rates.  In Objective 2, we will conduct two large projects to understand whether populations adapt to ongoing climate change or climatic variation in a species' introduced range. For the first project, we have transplanted clover plants from across Europe and North America (NA) into experimental gardens in the north and south of both continents. This experiment will determine whether populations are adapted to their local climate and keeping pace with climate change. The second project examines the adaptation of clover to climatic variation in the species' introduced range. Using crosses between plants adapted to warm and cool climates of NA, we are examining how temperature, precipitation and herbivores interact to affect genome evolution.  Objective 3 will assess how adaptation to human driven environmental change influences communities and ecosystems. The first project will examine how adaptative divergence between urban and rural populations shape pollinator, herbivore and microbial communities. The second project will dissect whether adaption to climate feeds back to influence these same communities. IMPACT & TRAINING-These projects will represent major advances to understanding how anthropogenic environmental change shapes evolution, and how these changes further affect communities and ecosystems. Our results will have important implications for conservation, pest management, urban planning, and mitigating climate change. Trainees will play a central role in all research objectives. I will recruit and provide multidisciplinary training to 45 highly qualified personnel at all levels of study (PDF, PhD, MSc, BSc), including mentorship on obtaining careers in science. I will continue to create an inclusive environment and work to increase diversity in my lab and research community while promoting equity that helps individuals succeed.

人类对地球环境和生物多样性的影响越来越大。我的研究旨在了解这些人为变化如何影响进化，以及这种进化是否影响生态过程和模式。在未来5年，我的实验室将致力于三个研究目标：1)了解全球城市化如何影响植物进化2)确定植物在空间和时间上适应气候变化的能力3)评估对城市化和气候的适应如何反馈影响多物种群落和生态系统目标1建立在全球城市进化项目的基础上，该项目是我于2018年启动的一项研究，旨在了解全球城市化如何影响白三叶草（Trifolium repens）植物的进化。利用来自50个城市的bbbb2500株植物的全基因组序列数据，我们将确定城市化如何影响多种进化过程，包括基因流、遗传漂变和自然选择。我们还将通过实验量化植物适应城市环境的程度。最后，我们将测试城市土壤和空气污染如何影响突变率。在目标2中，我们将进行两个大型项目，以了解物种引入范围内的种群是否适应持续的气候变化或气候变化。在第一个项目中，我们将来自欧洲和北美的三叶草植物移植到两大洲北部和南部的实验花园中。这个实验将决定人口是否适应当地气候并跟上气候变化的步伐。第二个项目考察了三叶草在物种引入范围内对气候变化的适应。利用适应北美温暖和寒冷气候的植物之间的杂交，我们正在研究温度、降水和食草动物如何相互作用来影响基因组进化。目标3将评估适应人类驱动的环境变化如何影响社区和生态系统。第一个项目将研究城乡人口之间的适应性差异如何影响传粉者、草食动物和微生物群落。第二个项目将分析对气候的适应是否会反过来影响这些社区。影响与培训——这些项目将代表着理解人为环境变化如何影响进化，以及这些变化如何进一步影响社区和生态系统的重大进展。我们的研究结果将对保护、害虫管理、城市规划和减缓气候变化具有重要意义。受训者将在所有研究目标中发挥核心作用。我将招聘并提供45名各层次高素质人才（PDF, PhD, MSc, BSc）的多学科培训，包括获得科学职业生涯的指导。我将继续创造一个包容的环境，努力增加我的实验室和研究社区的多样性，同时促进有助于个人成功的公平。