当前我国农业现代化滞后于工业化、信息化和城镇化，农业已成为我国加快推进“四化同步”建设的短板。在新时期，我国农业发展面临着新形势和新挑战。要实现农业现代化，必须尽快建立一个既符合国际规则，又符合我国国情、具有中国特色的现代农业政策支持体系。本研究认为面对复杂严峻的形势，要从四个方面完善我国农业政策支持体系，分别为增加支持的总量、优化农业支持政策目标、优化支持结构、完善支持办法。本研究将深入探讨我国农业政策支持体系的理论问题，构建我国农业政策支持体系的理论分析框架，分农业产前、产中、产后三个环节对我国支持政策成本和绩效进行全面系统评估，借鉴国际农业政策支持体系建设的经验，并结合新时期我国现代农业发展面临的形势，对我国农业政策支持体系进行优化，为完善我国农业政策支持体系提供政策参考。

In order to achieve agricultural modernization under condition with large numbers of small and dispersed farmers, the agricultural operation system in China must be reconstructing and rebuilding. The modern agricultural operation system is an industrial system, which includes pre-production, production and post-production sections, should be supported by the modern agricultural organization system. Based on the experience in and abroad on the construction of agricultural organization system, we should construct the agricultural organization system with Chinese characteristics according to China’s reality. This project contends that there will be two ways for evolutions of agricultural organization system in China: one way is to achieve economies with scale in agriculture to compete in global market by vertical integration; the other way is to produce differential products with high value added through connecting the dispersed farmers with big market supported by farmer cooperative organization. There are different decision mechanisms between farmer cooperative organization and industrial system with vertical integration, and the farmer cooperative organization could bring more small farmers into the agricultural organization system. This project will analyze the formation conditions, development mechanisms, and available roads for Chinese agricultural organization system in perspectives of vertical integration, horizontal diversification, and service socialization, and provides valuable reference for constructing the future agricultural organization system with Chinese characteristics.