股骨头坏死(ONFH)是临床常见难治性疾病，骨免疫与骨修复是目前骨损伤、骨修复领域研究的热点，巨噬细胞（M）是参与调控骨免疫、骨修复的主要免疫细胞。局部微环境中促炎性M1型和组织修复性M2型巨噬细胞动态平衡、M2活化是调控骨损伤由炎症向骨修复转换的关键因素。免疫调节生物材料多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)促进M合成IL-4并激活JAK/STAT通路诱导M1向M2表型转换、M2活化合成分泌BMP2、VEGF，并M2与MSCs正向交互作用促进成骨、成血管，促进骨修复。基于以上研究激素对IL-4/JAK/STAT通路、M1/M2平衡调控及M2活化影响与ONFH发生发展，利用新型生物材料MWCNT理化特性调控局部骨免疫，募集并促进M向M2表型转换、重建M1/M2平衡，构建利于骨修复的局部骨免疫调控微环境，驱动内源性MSCs聚集、成骨、成血管促进骨修复，为研究ONFH发病机制、预防和治疗提供实验理论依据。

Osteonecrosis of femoral head (ONFH) is a common disease that is difficult to treat, the bone immunity and bone repair are currently the focus of research in the field of bone injury and bone repair. Macrophages (M) are the main immune cells involved in the regulation of bone immunity and bone repair. In the local microenvironment, the dynamic balance of pro-inflammatory M1-type macrophages and tissue repair M2-type macrophages, and the activation of M2-type macrophages are the key factors to regulate the transformation of bone injury from inflammation to bone repair.Immunomodulative biomaterial multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) promote the synthesis of IL-4 by M and activate the JAK/STAT pathway to induce the phenotype conversion from M1 to M2, the synthesis and secretion of BMP2 and VEGF by M2, and the positive interaction between M2 and MSCs promotes osteogenesis and blood vessel formation, and promotes bone repair. Based on the above, the effects of steroids on IL-4/JAK/STAT pathway, M1/M2 balance regulation, M2 activation and ONFH development were studied.Use of new biological materials control local bone immune MWCNT physical and chemical properties, and promote M to M2 phenotype transformation, reconstruction of balance of M1/M2, build for bone repair of local bone microenvironment immune regulation, driven by endogenous MSCs and osteogenesis, into the blood vessels to promote bone repair, to study the pathogenesis of ONFH, the theoretical foundation for the prevention and treatment.