在青年基金的资助下，课题组已系统剖析了玉米雌穗发育过程、穗行数性状及产量性状杂种优势相关的miRNA分子调控网络。发现zma-miR390a/b在穗行数减少的单片段代换系中较其轮回亲本显著下调，并在雌穗发育的早期和中期的杂交种中表现为显著性正向显性效应，而在雌穗发育的晚期表现为显著性正向超显性效应。认为zma-390a/b是在雌穗发育过程中及产量性状杂种优势形成中起到关键作用的上游基因调控因子。本研究拟通过对miR390a/b构建STTM敲除载体和超表达载体，进行基因转化和杂交，获得转基因阳性的亲本自交系及杂交F1代。对这些转基因阳性T1材料及相应的对照材料雌穗样品进行转录组和non-coding RNA组学测序并验证，获得miR390a/b指导的玉米雌穗发育及穗部性状杂种优势分子调控网络，揭示miR390a/b在玉米雌穗发育及穗部性状杂种优势形成中的调控作用。

Under the financial of National Science Foundation for Yong Scholars of China (31000714), we have deep sequenced the developing ears of maize to establish the miRNAs dependent molecular regulating networks of ear developing and heterosis. One of the miRNAs, zma-miR390a/b,was picked up since it was proved to be a distinguished up-stream regulating factor. For detail, miR390a/b was down expressed in the row number reduced Single Segment Substitution Line compared to its recurrent parent, thus to be a regulating factor associated with kernel row number character; and miR390a/b was dominatly or over-dominantly expressed in the hybred developing ears compared to its parental lines, thus to be a heterosis factor. In the following study, STTM and over-expression of miR390a/b was to be processed, followed by gene transplanting, hybreding and transcriptomic deep sequencing of coding and non-coding transcripts. The main purpose of this study was to discover miR390a/b dependent ear development and heterosis molecular networks.