深海热液环境下甲烷代谢古菌功能群的演化、互作及其群落稳定性研究

微生物功能群在不同的时空尺度上对环境变化做出不同的反应，参与一系列地质过程，是研究微生物与环境互作的关键。深海热液系统的环境参数在时间和空间上都有剧烈的变化梯度，且甲烷代谢活跃，是研究微生物功能群与环境互作的理想系统和材料。在本项目中，我们将以来自两个深海环境，即深海热液表层沉积物和深海热液烟囱体的共29个微生物群落样本作为研究材料，以甲烷代谢古菌功能群为核心研究对象，关注甲烷代谢代谢功能群与环境和其他功能群的互作关系和动态演化。从微生物群落的环境基因组、可培养功能群的比较基因组、重要功能基因和元件的系统发育分析这三个层面上，确定主要功能群的类型和演化过程，预测功能群间的互作、C代谢重要中间物和生态系统的稳定性，与地质环境的作用关系。通过此研究，建立深海微生物群落-环境互作、演化的初级动态模型，为理解典型深海微生物功能群的生物地球化学过程提供科学基础。

Microbial functional groups are the keys to study the interactions between microbes and environment, as possessed with different responses to environmental catastrophe on different spatial and temporal scales. Deep-sea hydrothermal vents are characterized with dramatic changes of environmental parameters in time and space, and with high methane metabolizing activities. therefore, are ideal for understanding the interactions between different microbial functional groups as well as interactions between microbes and the environment. In this study, 29 microbial communities from two deep-sea environment, surface sediments and chimneys from deep-sea hydrothermal vents, are investigated respectively. We will mainly focus on the archaea functional groups involved in methane metabolizing. Approaches of environmental metagenomes, single isolates genomes and key phylogenomic marker genes are utilized: to determine the eco-types and evolution processes of these functional groups; to predict interactions among microbes, key intermediates within carbon cycle and the dynamics and stability of microbial community; to evaluate the relationship between microbial community and environment. Through this study, which will shed some light on the interactive relationship between methane metabolizing groups and the environment. Through this research, a preliminary model on deep-sea microbial community-environment interaction and evolution will be established, to shed some light on understanding biogeochemical processes that functional groups from typical deep-sea environment had involved in.