南方离子型稀土资源开发对矿区生态环境污染严重，备受关注。土壤微生物，尤其是氨氧化微生物对矿区土壤生态系统起着重要作用，但稀土开采对土壤微生物及其氨氧化作用的影响尚不明确。本项目拟采用赣南离子型稀土矿区4种类型土壤为研究对象，采用ICP-MS测定稀土有效态含量及重金属总量，揭示稀土开采导致的土壤环境变化特征和污染状况；采用illumina Miseq测序结合生物信息学分析，建立矿区土壤特性和微生物群落组成特性之间的关联指标体系，揭示稀土开采对土壤微生物的影响；通过DCD微宇宙培养试验和稳定态同位素标记培养试验，采用DNA-SIP结合分子生物学技术，评估土壤特性与硝化作用相关性，揭示各类型土壤中功能活跃的氨氧化微生物类群，阐明稀土开采对土壤氨氧化作用及其微生物的影响；采用各种统计学评价指标，评估矿区土壤的微生态风险。本项目将为科学评估离子型稀土开采对土壤生态环境的破坏及其生态风险提供理论依据。

The exploitation of rare earth resources causes serious environmental pollution to the ecological environment of mining areas, which attracts much attention. Soil microorganisms, especially ammonia oxidizing microorganisms, play a very important role in the soil ecosystem. However, the effects of rare earth mining on soil microorganisms and ammonia oxidation are still unclear. Therefore, this project will use four different types of soil which are in the in-situ leaching ionic rare earth mining area of the southern Jiangxi Province, as the research object. We plan to carry out the following research work. ICP-MS will be used to determine the contents of available states of rare earth elements and the total amounts of heavy metals, which will reveal the characteristics and pollution status of soil caused by rare earth mining. Illumine Miseq sequencing and bioinformatics analysis will be used to establish the index system of soil characteristics and microbial community composition, to reveal the effect of rare earth mining on soil microbes. DCD (dicyandiamide) microcosm incubation and the stable isotope labeling incubation, using DNA-SIP combined with molecular biology techniques, will evaluate the correlation between soil characteristics and nitrification of the mining soil. These results will also clarify the metabolically active ammonia oxidizers in different types of mining soil and illustrate the influence on the ammonia oxidation as a result of the rare earth exploiting. A variety of statistical evaluation indexes will be used to assess the micro ecological risk of mining soil. This project will provide a theoretical basis for the scientific assessment of the destruction of soil ecological environment and ecological risk caused by ionic rare earth mining.