癫痫是一种严重影响人类健康的慢性神经系统疾病, 约1/3为药物难治性癫痫（RE）。重复经颅磁刺激（rTMS）是治疗RE的新兴神经调控技术，经颅磁刺激大脑皮层能部分减少癫痫发作。我们前期研究发现癫痫患者小脑半球与额叶及默认模式网络等皮层间结构功能连接显著改变，小脑与背内侧丘脑的功能交互异常，从功能影像学角度提示小脑可能是抑制癫痫产生环路中的调制器。进而，我们发现对RE患者行小脑高频rTMS干预亦能减少癫痫发作。因此，本项目拟进一步扩大样本量，纳入RE患者进行小脑rTMS，并结合同步EEG和fMRI技术，进一步明确小脑高频rTMS干预对RE的治疗效果，结合脑网络分析技术阐明小脑rTMS干预对RE患者小脑-丘脑-大脑皮层间信息的瞬时效应，描绘小脑rTMS干预对RE患者脑结构功能网络的调控作用，建立线性交互模型，揭示RE患者小脑rTMS起效的网络机制，以期为神经调控治疗RE开辟新的途径。

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological diseases seriously affect human health, about 1/3 for drug refractory epilepsy (RE). As a new neuromodulation treatment technique for RE, the cerebral cortex rTMS can partially reduce epileptic seizures. Our previous study found that the functional connections between the cerebellum hemisphere and the extensive cortex such as frontal lobe, motor-related cortex and default mode network (DMN) are significantly changed, and the abnormal interaction between cerebellum and contralateral dorsomedial thalamus in patients with epilepsy. These results suggests that the cerebellum may be a modulator in the loop that inhibits epilepsy from the perspective of functional imaging. Therefore, we intend to expand the sample size, fit the RE patients treated with cerebellar rTMS into this project, and combine synchronous EEG and fMRI technology together to further clarify the therapeutic effect of cerebellar rTMS treatment on RE. By means of brain network analysis technology, we expect to illustrate the transient effect of cerebellar rTMS intervention on cerebellum-thalamus-cerebral cortex information, describe the modulation of cerebellar rTMS intervention on cerebral structural and functional network, establish a linear interaction model and explore the underlying network mechanism, for to open up a new way for neuromodulation therapy of RE.