DNA与组蛋白修饰在芸薹属植物多倍化进化中作用研究

植物的杂交和多倍化增加了基因组多态性，是被子植物进化与物种形成的重要方式。多倍体中来自不同物种基因组的融合，产生明显的“基因组冲击”、“转录组冲击”，经过染色体、基因组、基因表达等不同层次复杂调控后，形成生长发育、适应新生境的优势，但其基因结构与功能调控机理非常复杂，我们仍未了解。鉴于此，本项目拟在前期对芸薹属多倍体研究基础上，从表观基因组学水平全面分析DNA甲基化、组蛋白甲基化及乙酰化对基因表达的调控作用，阐明多倍体中各亚基因组基因差异表达、非加性表达、显性表达的表观遗传调控基础，结合之前对芸薹属多倍体转录后调控研究，确定不同调控方式在不同倍性、组织器官、生长条件下所发挥的作用，及其对植物生长发育、适应的作用，最终在芸薹属多倍体植物研究中实现基因组、基因表达与调控、生长发育、适应与进化的全面研究，为揭示被子植物杂交-多倍化这一重要进化途径的内在机理奠定基础，丰富植物进化生物学理论体系。

Hybridization and polyploidization play important roles in driving genetic diversification, and they are important evolutionary forces in plant evolution and speciation, especially in angiosperms. Following the merger of divergent genomes, genome shock and transcriptome shock take place in newly formed allopolyploid. After the complicated regulations in chromosome, genome, gene structure and gene expression level, the polyploids could grow better and adapt to new habits, but the regulatory mechanisms for gene structure and expression alteration in allopolyploids are not clear. Based on the previous studies on Brassica allopolyploids, the present project will analyze the roles of DNA methylation, histone methylation and acetylation in gene expression regulation, and clarify epigenetic fundament for polyploid differential gene expression, silent, activation in the polyploid genome. Combined with the analysis of posttranscription regulation in Brassica polyploids, we will reveal the gene regulation patterns for various ploid level, organ and tissue in polyploid plants under different growing conditions, and their effects on plant growth, development, adaptation. Finally, we will finish the comprehensive study on genome, gene expression and regulation, physiology, growth, development and ecological characteristics. This project will make new progress in understanding the complicated mechanisms of polyploid formation and evolution, which is important for plant evolutionary biology theory.