加拿大一枝黄花的多倍化及其入侵性分子基础研究

生物入侵是一个严重的生态学问题，入侵植物给世界生态环境和经济发展带来了非常严重的威胁，但其入侵的复杂生物学机制仍不清楚，制约了对外来植物的科学防控。本项目以入侵我国的恶性外来植物加拿大一枝黄花为研究对象，从植物基因组多倍化与入侵性的关系这一亟待解决的科学问题入手，在对入侵地、原产地不同种群植物染色体数目及倍性分析的基础上，阐明这种外来植物的多倍体发生与入侵地分布，对其进行全基因组规模的基因表达（包括转录本可变剪切）分析，重点分析多倍体中与入侵能力密切相关的基因及其功能类别、参与代谢通路等，确定表观遗传变化（甲基化、小RNA表达等）对基因表达的调控，认识不同倍性植物表型可塑性和局域适应性特征，探讨基因组倍性变异与入侵能力的关系及其分子基础，从不同倍性植物基因表达特征、表观遗传调控方式角度揭示多倍体植物具有较强入侵能力的分子机理，为入侵植物的有效防控提供科学依据。

Biological invasion is a serious ecological problem, and the invasive plants highly threatened the environment and economy of the modern world, but we knew little about the complicated biological mechanism for their rapid invasion. The present project aimed at revealing the relationship between ploidy level and invading ability in Solidago canadensis L., a serious invasive plant in China. We will determine origin and spread of the polyploid plants based on chromosomal number and its variation analyses about native and invasive population. Then we will carry out genome scale gene expression analyses for plants with various ploidy levels, focused on the genes related to invading traits, and reveal the epigenetic regulation mechanism by DNA methylation and small RNA analyses. Finally, this project will illustrate the relative role of phenotypic plasticity and local adaptation for the invasion of this plant, and reveal the molecular essentials for the higher invading ability of polyploid plants. Moreover, we will propose the effective strategy for controlling this invasive plants, and make a contribution to plant invasive biology.