芸苔属多倍体植物基因表达的转录后调控与进化研究

植物的杂交和多倍化增加了基因组多态性，产生遗传冗余，为植物变异、进化与适应奠定了重要基础，已成为被子植物进化与物种形成的重要驱动力。多倍体中来自不同物种基因组的融合，产生明显的"基因组冲击"、"转录组冲击"，经过染色体、基因组、基因表达等不同层次复杂调控后，最终导致形成器官、组织、细胞、生理等特性稳定、具有生长、适应优势的多倍体植物，但关于其基因结构与功能调控的机理我们所知甚少。鉴于此，本项目拟在芸苔属多倍体植物基因组研究的基础上，采用高通量RNA测序（RNA-Seq）技术，分析不同倍性多倍体植物及其亲本全基因组规模mRNA、小RNA表达情况，揭示可变剪接所产生的转录本多样性、miRNA对靶基因的调控，并对若干重要生长发育、抗逆相关基因的选择性多聚腺苷酸化进行分析，阐明3'UTR多态性的调控情况，最终确定各种转录后调控方式所发挥的作用，在多倍体植物形成与进化的复杂机理研究方面取得新的进展。

Hybridization and polyploidization poly important roles in driving genetic diversification and redundant genomic architecture of plants, and they are important evolutionary forces in plant evolution and speciation, especially in angiosperms. The success of angiosperms has been attributed to innovations associated with gene or whole-genome duplications. Following the merger of divergent genomes, genome shock and transcriptom shock take place in newly formed allopolyploid. After the complicated regulations at chromosome, genome, gene structure and gene expression level, the stable polyploids were formed, which has evident organ, tissue, cellular and physiological traits, and could survival in natural habits, but the regulatory mechanisms for gene structure and expression alteration in allopolyploids are not clear. Based on the genomic studies on Brassica allopolyploids, the present project will analyze the whole-genome wide expression of mRNA and small RNA in these natural and artificially synthesized allopolyploids and their parent species by deep-sequencing (RNA-Seq) protocol, and reveal regulatory effects of alternative splicing and translational inhibition to target genes by miRNA. Then, we will analyze the alternative polyadenylation of some developmental and adaptation related genes and reveal the regulatory roles of 3'UTR diversity by mRNA processing. This project will make new progress in understanding the complicated mechanisms of polyploid formation and evolution.