犬科动物由于与人类的密切关系而被广泛关注，狼到家犬的驯化过程中的生态适应性是其中的一个研究热点，消化道菌群对食性变化的适应性是各种生态适应中的一个重要方面。为阐明家养驯化对犬科动物肠道菌群的影响，本项目拟以狼和家犬为研究对象，通过对两种动物不同性别个体的肠道菌群16S rDNA基因分别建库，进行基因全长测序和系统发育分析，探讨二者的肠道菌群组成和多样性特征。结合哺乳动物肠道菌群的相关资料，寻找狼和家犬肠道菌群的独特性。通过对同种不同性别个体肠道菌群多样性的比较，发现肠道菌群多样性的性别差异。通过比较狼和家犬肠道菌群多样性的异同，结合项目组对二者食性的研究成果，探讨肠道菌群多样性与动物的食性之间的相关性，尝试阐明肠道菌群在狼到家犬家养驯化中的适应性变化，为综合探讨犬科动物肠道菌群结构和研究犬科动物的生态适应性机制提供有价值的参考资料。

Canids were widely recognized and studied due to the intimate relationships with human life. The domestication of wolf to dog is extensively studied in the canine animal field. The study of the change of the gastrointestinal flora to different food habits is an important aspect in this topic. To demonstrate the influence of the domestication on the gastrointestinal flora, we chose wolves and dogs as the research model, builting intestinal flora 16S rDNA genes databases from both male and female individuals. Genetic polymorphism of the 16S rDNA was used to explore the food diversity of the intestinal flora of wolves and dogs. By comparison of the intestinal flora diversity of different sex, we intended to detect the intestinal flora differential in male and female individuals. The intestinal flora differential between wolf and dog was probed as well. Together with our previous studies on the food habits of wolves, we aimed to demonstrate the relationships between the intestinal flora diversity and the food habits of wolves and dogs. This study will provide valuable data sets to analyze the intestinal flora of dog and wolf, providing the possibility to demonstrate the ecological adaptation mechanism of canine animals.