多种癌症外泌体检测的荧光碳点-黑磷纳米片平台的研究

目前癌症严重威胁着人类的健康和生命，癌症相关标志物的检测是癌症早期诊断和治疗的有效手段，因而具有重要的意义。外泌体是一类携带了细胞重要信息的小囊泡。肿瘤细胞分泌的外泌体在体液中含量很高、体外可长时间保持活性，是一类重要的新兴癌症标志物。纳米荧光传感器因灵敏度高、信号稳定及易制备等优点，已成为外泌体检测方法研究的热点。目前利用荧光传感技术检测外泌体时，每次只能检测一种外泌体。为了提高检测效率、减少样本用量，非常有必要发展可同时检测多种癌症外泌体的方法。本项目拟制备发不同荧光的各种碳点，将其标记在各种癌症外泌体的适配体上，联合新型淬灭剂黑磷纳米片，构建增强型多碳点生物荧光传感平台。该传感平台通过分子识别原理，可同时检测多种癌症外泌体。旨在为癌症早期诊断、新的外泌体检测技术、碳点和黑磷在生物医药等领域的应用提供一种非常有效的、新的分析技术和手段。改进现有方法检测效率低、样本用量大、费用高等缺点。

At present, cancer is a serious threat to human health and life. Detection of cancer-related markers is an effective means of early diagnosis and treatment of cancer, It is very significant to detect cancer-related markers since it is an effective method for early diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Exosomes are a class of vesicles carrying important information of cells. Exosomes secreted by tumor cells have a high content in body fluids and can remain active in vitro for a long time, which is an important emerging cancer marker. Due to the advantages of high sensitivity, stable signal and easy preparation, nanoscale fluorescence sensors have become the focus of research on exosome detection methods. Currently, only one exosome can be detected at a time when using nano-fluorescence technology to detect exosomes. In order to improve the detection efficiency and reduce the sample consumption, it is necessary to develop a method for the detection of multiple exosomes at the same time for the early diagnosis of cancer. In this project, various carbon dots with different fluorescence are prepared and labeled on the aptamers of various cancer exosomes, and an enhanced multi-carbon bioluminescence sensing platform is constructed by using black phosphorus nano-sheets, a new kind of quenching agent, and various exosome aptamers marked with different carbon dots. The sensor platform can detect multiple cancer exosomes simultaneously by molecular recognition principle. It aims to provide a very effective, new analytical technique and means for early diagnosis of cancer, new detection technology of exosome, applications of carbon dots and black phosphorus nano-sheets in biomedical research and other fields, overcoming the defects of the existing methods, such as low detection efficiency, large sample consumption and high cost.