煤沥青基球状活性炭的结构调控及可控制备

沥青基球状活性炭由于其独特的性能在国防军工和民用高科技领域具有常规活性炭所不可替代的作用，其性能显著受制于前躯体沥青的组成结构。为此，本项目拟以沥青的组成结构为主要研究对象，借助数学模拟等科学研究方法，重点研究沥青的组成和结构与球状活性炭孔结构之间的相关性，以设计前躯体的组成来调控制备期望性能的活性炭；在研究沥青组分与萘的相容性基础上，通过组分调配获得与萘相容性较佳的沥青/萘固溶体，采用本项目创新性的直接成球技术获得球形度良好的固溶体小球；研究促进剂存在下，沥青的组成结构与氧气的反应活性，揭示氧化不融化的机理，以获得均质化的沥青氧化球；本项目旨在从微观上研究原料结构与产物性能的关系，达到设计、预测、控制产品性能的目的，解决煤沥青转变为高性能的球状活性炭过程中的关键科学问题。项目的成功实施对实现煤沥青至高附加值球状活性炭的转化利用技术的成功开发和产业化应用具有显著的学术价值和现实意义。

Pitch based activated spherical carbon materials (carbon beads) have vital advanced applications in both national defence and high-tech domestic industries due to their unique performance, which cannot possibly be achieved by common activated carbons. However, the properties of the pitch based activated carbon beads are highly controlled by the chemical and physical properties of the pitch feedstock. In this project, experimental study and numerical modelling and simulation will be employed to investigate the vital relationship between the physicochemical characteristics of the pitch and the pore structure and morphology of activated spherical carbons, Using our novel one-step direct sphericalisation technology as described in this project, this critically important relationship, once established, will effectively enable the production of the target spherical carbons with desirable properties by better informed formulation of precursor pitch feedstocks to yield highly compatible pitch/naphthalene melt. Moreover, the influence of promoter additives on the physical and chemical properties of pitch and its reactivity with oxygen will also be investigated to reveal the mechanism governing the melt-resistant behavior of raw beads during the oxidation stage of the preparation of activated spherical carbons. The melt-resistance of raw beads is critical in obtaining homogenized oxidised spheres for high quality spherical carbon materials. The aim of this project is to establish the relationship between the microscopic structure of raw materials and properties of carbon bead products, which will contribute to the design prediction and control of the properties of spherical carbons and help bridge the underlying technical and fundamental knowledge gaps in the conversion of coal pitch to novel highly value-added spherical carbons. The success of this project will help greatly toward the successful development and commercialization of this novel coal pitch conversion technology.