免疫活化是HIV感染后的一个重要特征，在HIV感染的整个过程中持续存在。目前大量研究证明机体的免疫活化水平与免疫功能损伤和疾病进程快慢密切关系。免疫活化目前已经成为HIV研究的一大热点领域。但迄今有关免疫活化的诸多基本问题，如诱导早期免疫活化的主导因素，免疫活化在感染过程中的动态变化过程和规律等等，限制了我们对HIV致病机制的深入了解，是亟待解决的关键科学问题。本项目申请结合已有技术和资源，在前期工作基础上，应用SIVmac猕猴模型的可控性特点和优势，通过血液和黏膜这两种不同途径感染的SIVmac猕猴模型对病毒感染后免疫活化动态规律进行研究，阐述免疫活化在感染早期和慢性期的作用机制和特征，分析免疫活化诱导免疫功能衰老、紊乱的可能机制，并在此基础上探索通过抑制早期免疫活化来抑制HIV/AIDS病情进展的新策略的可行性，为HIV/AIDS的防治提出新的科学理念。

Immune activation is a hallmark of HIV infection, it persists throughout the process of HIV infection. Numerous studies have demonstrated that there is a close relationship between the levels of immune activation and disease progression. Immune activation has become a hot spot areas of HIV research. All the following questions need to be solved urgently such as what is the important factor in induction of immune activation in acute HIV infection, the characteristic of immune activation and the dynamics changes in the course of infection. This project combines technology and resource advantages of our group，studying the dynamics of immune activation displayed in SIVmac infected monkeys inoculated by two different routes，exploring the immune activation mechanism and characteristics in the early and chronic phase of infection，analyzing the relationship between the immune activation and immune dysfunction, and exploring the feasibility of the new strategy to curb HIV/AIDS disease progression by inhibiting the early immune activation. It is expected that this project will be actively promoted the new scientific concept of prevention and treatment for HIV/AIDS.