MiR-1291是我们前期通过芯片筛选获得的、差异低表达于PCOS/HA卵泡液中的miRNA。前期发现：miR-1291在PCOS/HA患者组的卵泡液中表达下调；在体外培养小鼠卵泡中沉默miR-1291可以显著增强卵泡雄激素合成，提示其在卵泡液中的低表达可能与PCOS/HA的发生机制相关；生物信息学分析及初步实验证实STAR为其靶基因；文献报道STAR与PCOS/HA密切相关。据此，我们提出“miR-1291通过STAR调控卵泡中雄激素合成而参与PCOS高雄激素形成“的科学假说。本研究拟利用体外卵泡模型，以STAR为机制线索，系统评价miR-1291在卵泡中雄激素合成的功能和机制。miR-1291在PCOS/HA中的作用和机制尚无报道，因此本研究具有源头创新性，为理解PCOS的病因机制提供新的线索，并可能为PCOS高雄激素血症的形成提供诊断和治疗靶标。

MiR-1291, is a novel miRNA significantly decreased in follicular fluid of PCOS with hyperandrogenism (PCOS/HA) compared to control based on our miRNA array data. Its function in PCOS/HA is still unknown. Real-time PCR verified the decreased expression of miR-1291 in PCOS/HA follicular fluid. Our further study showed that silencing of miR-1291 enhanced the testosterone production in cultured preantral follicles, which indicated the relationship between low expression of miR-1291 and PCOS/HA. Further bioinformatics analysis and experiment indicated that STAR is a candidate target gene of miR-1291 which is a key protein in testosterone biogenesis and up-regulated in PCOS/HA. Based on these results, we proposed that miR-1291 may regulate testosterone biogenesis through its target gene STAR and contributed in the formation of hyperandrogenism of PCOS. To demonstrate this hypothesis, our study intends to evaluate the function of miR-1291 in testosterone production in cultured preantral follicles through STAR. The function and mechanism of miR-1291 in formation of PCOS/HA has not been reported, this current study will elucidate the regulatory mechanism, which may provide a theoretical basis for the targets of the diagnosis and treatment of PCOS/HA.