“食盐补碘”国家政策背景下的精准施策与精细化管理研究

全民健康是建设健康中国的根本目的。碘属人体必需微量营养素，缺乏或过量会影响健康。全民食盐补碘（USI）是国家政策，实施20年碘缺乏病防治取得成功，但一刀切政策忽视了地区与个体差异，公众对碘过量担心与日俱增。互联网与碘营养评价新进展为USI政策创新提供机遇。本研究遵循”政策分析—理论框架建立+软件研发测评—政策建议—实施效果评估”思路，以互联网为平台，立足供给侧改革，从需求侧出发，满足不同公众对个体碘营养适宜的诉求，建立由碘营养评价、干预政策和监管等组成的政策体系，研发个体碘营养评价干预软件，提供便捷精细化的评价方法。通过政策调整，由粗放干预转为相机调控、由一刀切粗放式政策向精细化管理转变，纠正供需错配，精准施策，实现公众需求与政策供给相契合，为政策制定与调整提供科学依据，向公众提供科学评价方法，达到因地、分类、科学补碘人人适宜的目标，达到人人享有健康，也为其他公共卫生政策转型升级提供借鉴。

Nationwide body-health is the priority of the Construction of Healthy China. Iodine is one of essential elements of human body, while deficiently and excessive intakes will have adverse impacts on health. Universal salt iodization (USI) is a national policy which helps to achieve the goal of eliminating Iodine Deficiency Disorder (IDD). However, the one-fits-all strategy disregards the difference of both the environmental iodine factor among areas and the individual needs, which leads to an increasing concern of the public on iodine intake excess. With new achievements made in iodine status evaluation and the support of “Internet+” platform, a new opportunity of USI policy improvement has presented...This study follows the routine of policy analysis, theory framework construction, software development and public data collection, data analysis and policy modification, and policy effectiveness evaluation, and aims to develop a new individual iodine status evaluation process, establish an adaptive localized salt iodization intervention policy, and construct an administrative system including iodine evaluation, intervention policy and monitoring, with the theory of supply-side reformation and starting from the demand side. ..As a result, through optimizing current policy, making the intervention and regulation more precise and accurate rather than generalized or one-fits-all, the mismatching between supplement and demand can be rectified and the need of the public can be fulfilled by the government. So this study will provide evidence support to policy adjusting and optimizing, introduce scientific iodine evaluating method to residents so that the goal of optimal iodine intake in everyone can be achieved. Additionally, this study could be an exemplary model to other public health policy upgrade.