miRNA的生成、加工和表达调控是一个复杂过程。我们在2011年结题的国家自然科学基金课题"新的pre-miRNA生成核酸酶的发现和功能研究"研究中发现核糖核酸酶L(RNaseL)可在特定条件下参与miRNA的加工生成。这是首次发现新的miRNA加工酶，丰富了对miRNA生成复杂性的认识。RNase L与细胞凋亡、肿瘤等多种疾病的发生、干扰素抗病毒作用和抗细菌感染的先天免疫作用密切相关。但是，其作用机制尚未完全阐明。RNase L参与miRNA的加工生成的发现为进一步阐明RNase L的功能，以及揭示miRNA表达调控复杂性提供了一个全新的视角。本研究将针对RNase L参与miRNA加工生成这一新发现，深入研究RNase L在miRNA加工生成中的作用机制，以及其在肿瘤细胞中的生物学意义。研究结果将丰富对RNase L功能和miRNA的生成调控在疾病中作用的认识。

Biogenesis, procesing and exrpession regulation of miRNAs are exceedingly complex. In the study of my previous NSFC projtect (The discovery of new RNase responsible for pre-miRNA biogenesis and its function research), we firstly found that RNase L could participate in miRNA maturation proces under certain conditions. RNase L is a new RNase responsible for miRNA processing, which illustrates the complexity of miRNA maturation. RNase L is associated with tumorigenesis, antiviral effect of interferon and innate immune responses against bacterial infection, although the function mechanism remains to be illustrated clearly. Here we found that RNase L was involved in miRNA biogenesis and processing, this finding will bring about new perspectives for further analyzing the function of RNase L and the complex regulation mechanism of miRNA expression. Base on these findings, we would further discuss the mechanism of RNase L involving in miRNA biogenesis and process, and its biological significance. We believe that the results of this project will promote our understanding for RNase L, and the effect of miRNA biogenesis regulation in diseases.