近年来，我国大气污染严重，造成严重疾病负担和经济损失，已有研究表明，雾霾天气下大量呼吸道感染患者久病不愈，呼吸道病原菌耐药性显著增强。本课题针对大气细颗粒物（PM2.5）引发并加剧呼吸道感染性疾病这一科学问题，在分析我国典型区域及主要来源PM2.5毒性组分的基础上，利用全基因组测序、高通量定量PCR及毒性效应分析等方法，解析PM2.5毒性组分诱导呼吸道病原菌突变形成耐药基因的特征与机制；建立呼吸道病原菌耐药基因水平转移模型，探究PM2.5毒性组分促进耐药基因在呼吸道病原菌间水平转移的影响机制；最后，建立PM2.5毒性组分、生物毒性效应及其对病原菌耐药性影响的响应关系，构建基于PM2.5毒性组分诱导病原菌耐药性的预测模型。本课题将为全面评价PM2.5毒性组分、生物效应及健康危害提供新的理论基础和科学依据，有助于完成重大研究计划的总体目标，也将促进我国环境污染与健康领域研究的跨越发展。

In recent years, China has a serious air pollution, which causes significant disease burdens and economic losses. Many studies have reported that a large number of patients with respiratory tract infections suffer prolonged illnesses, and the respiratory pathogens show increasing drug resistance. In consideration of the atmospheric fine particulate matters (PM2.5) stimulates and aggravates respiratory infectious diseases, the objectives of the proposed research are: (1) to systematically analysis the toxic components of PM2.5 collected from typical areas in China and different sources; (2) to explore the features and mechanisms of the mutation of drug resistance genes (DRGs) induced by PM2.5 by using whole genome sequencing, high-throughput quantitative PCR and biological toxicity methods; (3) to research the characteristics and mechanisms of horizontal transfer of DRGs among respiratory tract pathogens stimulated by PM2.5; and finally (4) to establish the drug resistance prediction models based on the correlations of the toxic components, biological effects and effects on the drug resistance of respiratory tract pathogens induced by PM2.5. The proposed research will provide a new theoretical foundation and scientific basis for comprehensive evaluations of the toxic components, biological effects and health risks of PM2.5, will help to complete the overall goals of major research plan, and will also promote environmental pollution and health research in our country.