节水行为研究是水资源管理学科的研究热点之一，也是保障农村生活用水安全、构建节约型社会的基础。然而，居民节水行为是一个复杂体，影响因素众多，如何揭示、判别节水行为具有重要的科学意义。对此，本研究以关中地区国家安全饮水工程覆盖的村庄为例，采用问卷、用水日记、影像记录和智能水表相结合的方法，通过对用水行为拆析并引入语境分析、3C理论等社会学理论与研究方法，重点研究:（1）居民用水行为“行为片段-活动项目（类目-条目）-时空组织链条”与行为语境（主观因素、活动材料和时空组织）、3C理论（清洁、便利和舒适）之间的内在关系；（2）居民节水行为的判别依据与评判标准；（3）构建基于行为学、社会学框架下的居民节水行为模型。本研究为识别居民节水行为内涵，探索家庭生活用水行为本质提供科学依据。

Study on water-saving behavior is an important point in the field of water resource management. Research on this topic provides the basis for ensuring domestic water use security and building a conservation-oriented society in rural areas. However, water-saving behavior is a comprehensive complex, which affected by numerous factors. Therefore, the research on water-saving behavior towards domestic water usage and discovering its influential factors are very important for public policy making. In this study, approximately 400-500 households in the villages that receive piped water by the Chinese National Security Drinking Water Project in Shannxi Plain are selected as samples. Questionnaires, water diary, video recording and smart meters are combined for data collection. Resident’s water-saving behavior are analyzed by disassembling water use activities and applying sociology theory and research methods such as Contextual Analysis and 3C theory (Cleanliness, Comfort, and Convenience). This study aims to (1) discover the relationship and interaction among water use behavior “activities fragments – water use types (category - item) – temporal-spatial chain of daily activities”, behavioral contexts (subjective factors, objective materials and temporal-spatial organizations ) and 3C theory, (2) determine the criteria for discriminating resident’s water-saving behavior towards domestic water consumption, and (3) develop a model for water-saving behavior from the perspective of sociological science and behavioral framework. This study provides a scientific basis for exploring and recognizing the essence of water-saving behavior and domestic water consumption activities.