发育早期的不良事件是精神分裂症发病的重要影响因素，留守导致的母婴分离是影响深远的不良事件之一。不良事件会对个体神经发育产生重要影响，包括对感觉门控、信息辨别和整合等听觉认知加工发育的影响，而这类缺陷是精神分裂症的核心损伤和生物标志物。故此，留守儿童可能存在听觉认知加工的异常。本研究选择出生后6个月内就与父母双方分离，成长至6-8岁、9-12岁及13-16岁三个年龄段的留守及非留守儿童各30例，评估智商、行为问题等行为学指标以及虐待、忽视状况，采集前脉冲抑制组合范式的肌电信号以及失匹配负波和双耳不相干片段的事件相关电位，分别考察各年龄段留守及非留守儿童听觉认知加工的差异，分析行为学指标以及虐待、忽视状况与听认知加工的关系，揭示留守儿童听觉认知加工异常的电生理特征。本研究力图阐述留守儿童听觉认知加工的异常，为关爱留守儿童提供理论依据，为随访留守儿童并开展精神分裂症的早期识别和防控提供科学依据。

The adverse events in the early development of the brain are the important factors influencing the onset of schizophrenia, left-behind children separated with parents has long-lasting effects in affected individuals. Adverse events significantly influence the development of the brain, has effects on sensory gating and information integration. Auditory cognitive processing including sensory gating and information integration is the core damage and biomarker of schizophrenia. Thus, the abnormal of auditory cognitive processing may exist in left-behind children. This study aims to recruit 30 cases with left-behind children who separated with their parents within 6 months after birth, and 30 healthy controls in the age of 6-8、9-12 and 13-16 respectively. We will assess the IQ, behavior problem and childhood abuse. We will also collect electromyographic signals of PPI, and event-related potential of mismatch negative wave and binaural unrelated fragments tested tasks. We will explore the difference of auditory cognitive processing in left-behind children and control in the same and different ages. We will analysis the relationship between behavior indicator, childhood abuse and auditory cognitive processing. We will reveal the electrophysiological characteristics of abnormal auditory cognitive processing. We attempt to explore the abnormal of auditory cognitive processing, provide the evidence for caring for left-behind children, and lay a foundation for follow-up, early identification, prevention to schizophrenia in left-behind children.