SPAD在激光雷达三维成像、量子加密、荧光寿命检测等方面具有有广泛应用。近年来SPAD向阵列型、集成化方向发展，但阵列型SPAD的增益非均匀性问题成为了技术瓶颈。本课题将基于SPAD探测器的物理特性，采用等效电路和Verilog-A混合建模的方法构建探测器SPICE模型，并采用一种数学方法对I-V曲线进行平滑处理，建立一种全区域收敛的SPAD精确电路模型，解决电路仿真模型问题。在此基础上，研究SPAD不同工作模式下的电流特性，建立偏置电压与电流函数关系，并基于电流模的增益控制思想，提出一种电流监测电路，实时监测SPAD不同工作模式下电流变化，并反馈控制SPAD偏置电压，使不同增益特性的像素SPAD单元产生固定电流，实现增益自适应调节。课题同时研究了阵列型SPAD雪崩信号提取与快速淬灭电路，并设计一款阵列规模为32×128读出电路芯片，为全集成阵列型SPAD的广泛应用奠定理论和技术基础。

Single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) is widely applicated in3D imaging of lidar, quantum cryptography and fluorescence lifetime detection. In recent years, SPAD has been developed into an array and integrated applications. However, the gain nonuniformity in SPAD arrays has become a bottleneck for the application of SPAD.Based on the physical characteristics of the SPAD detector, a SPICE model of the detector is constructed by using the method of equivalent circuit and Verilog-A mixed modeling. Furthermore, a mathematical method of fitting the IV curve quadratically is proposed. This is an efficient way to establish an accurate circuit model of SPAD convergent in the whole region, to solve the problem of circuit simulation.Current characteristics under different operating modes of SPAD is researched to establish the function of bias voltage and current. Based on the idea of current bias mode gain control, a current monitoring circuit is put forward to monitor the current variation under different operating modes of SPAD in real time. By generating a fixed and stable current of pixel SPAD units with different gain characteristics to control the bias voltage of SPAD in turn, this subjet realizes the gain in self-adaptive adjustment model.At the same time, this research subject includes the circuit of extraction of avalanche signal and quick quenching of arrayed SPAD. A 32 × 128 readout circuit chip is proposed as well, undoubtfully, this helps to lay a theoretical and technical foundation for the wide application of fully integrated array SPAD.