森林和水的关系一直是生态水文领域的热点问题，然而以往的研究大多将水文过程看做是“黑箱”，忽略森林影响水文过程的物理机制，大多数的研究只关注森林覆盖率和河川径流的统计关系，而对森林结构，例如森林生物量和森林植被类型等如何影响水文过程仍然缺乏深入研究。本项目以大兴安岭地区典型森林流域为研究对象，通过小流域配对实验和大流域自比较实验，利用水文学时间序列统计分析法和水文模型模拟相结合的方法，对森林结构变化对森林流域水文过程的影响进行研究。旨在揭示森林植被差异对大兴安岭地区森林小流域流域水文过程的影响及其机制，量化森林结构变化对森林大流域河川径流量变化的相对贡献，阐明引起大兴安岭河川径流量显著变化的森林生物量和森林植被类型的阈值范围，从而揭示大兴安岭地区森林结构变化和水文过程的耦合关系，为深入理解森林变化对水文过程的调节机制提供理论支持，对森林和水资源的合理经营管理以及可持续利用提供依据。

Relations between forest and water have been being a hot topic in the field of eco-hydrology. However, most previous studies ignored the physical mechanisms how forests affect hydrological processes, and focused only on the relationships between forest cover and hydrology. The relationship between hydrological processes and forest structure, for instance, forest biomass and forest types, have not been fully understood. In this study, the data from forested watersheds in the Da Hinggan Mountains will be used to analyze the impacts of forest structure changes on hydrological processes by using the combined method of the time series statistical analysis models and hydrological model. The main objective of this study is to reveal the mechanism of forest vegetation difference on hydrological processes in small forested watersheds, quantify the relative contribution of forest structure changes on annual streamflow in large forested watershed, explore the range of threshold of forest structure change that caused significant changes in the hydrological processes, and understand the coupling relationship between hydrological processes and forest structure in the Da Hinggan Mountains. The results will provide a better understanding of the regulation mechanism of forest change on hydrological processes, and provide the theoretic basis for reasonable management and sustainable utilization of forest and water resources in the Da Hinggan Mountains.