海水甲壳类寄生性甲藻血卵涡鞭虫的寄生生活策略研究

血卵涡鞭虫是一类广泛感染海洋甲壳动物、营寄生生活的异养型有害甲藻。侵入宿主后，该寄生性甲藻在宿主血淋巴和血腔内大量增殖，引发主要器官功能紊乱、丧失，导致宿主死亡。该寄生性甲藻在世界范围内多种重要经济甲壳动物中导致大规模流行性病害，造成重大经济损失。目前，国内外对于血卵涡鞭虫的相关研究主要集中于检测鉴定、生活史、流行病学、宿主免疫响应等方面，尚缺乏对于其在宿主体内寄生生活策略的系统研究。血卵涡鞭虫如何逃避甲壳动物宿主的免疫防御并在宿主体内成功存活，及其如何获取宿主营养物质进行生长和快速增殖，是其寄生生活的关键。因此，本项目拟采用多组学技术方法（转录组学、蛋白组学和代谢组学），对于血卵涡鞭虫的免疫逃避机制和物质代谢过程进行系统研究，以揭示其寄生生活策略。研究成果将进一步揭示血卵涡鞭虫对于甲壳动物宿主的感染和调控机制，丰富和完善对于寄生性甲藻生物学特征的科学认知，为其流行病防控提供科学依据。

Hematodinium is a type of parasitic dinoflagellates infecting a wide range of marine crustaceans. The parasite mainly lives and proliferates in the hemolymph and hemocoel of affected hosts, and results in malfunction or function loss of major organs and eventual mortality. The parasitic dinoflagellate has caused epidemic diseases in the wild populations and cultured stocks of various commercially valuable marine crustaceans worldwide, and led to significant economic losses. Previous studies mainly focus on the detection and identification of the parasitic dinoflagellate, life history, host immune response, as well as its epidemiology, while the parasitic strategy of Hematodinium in crustacean hosts is far from being understood. To achieve the successful parasitism in crustacean hosts, Hematodinium need go through two essential biological processes including the evasion of the host immune defense system for initial successful survival in crustacean hosts after invasion, and then to acquire enough nutrients for successive growth and fast proliferation in crustacean hosts. Thus, the present project aims to apply the omics approaches (transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics) to study the immune evasion and the metabolic pathway of Hematodinium, and to uncover the parasitic strategy of Hematodinium inside affected crustacean hosts. This research will reveal the infection and regulation mechanisms of Hematodinium spp. in crustacean hosts, enhance further understanding on the basic biology of parasitic dinoflagellates, and provide scientific foundation for the practical control and prevention of Hematodinium epidemic diseases.