OFDI对中国企业出口产品质量的影响：企业和集群双重视角的分析

大量文献证实，中国大规模的对外直接投资具有强烈的出口创造效应。这是否意味着OFDI提高了中国出口产品的质量？尚未有文献从产品质量的角度对该问题进行系统研究。鉴于此，本课题尝试使用大规模高度细化的微观数据，从集群和企业两个角度考察OFDI对出口产品质量的作用。首先，建立理论模型，分析OFDI对企业出口产品质量的影响。其次，合并微观数据库，利用“回归反推法”测算企业出口产品质量，采用产业和地理距离加权计算集群内和集群外的OFDI。再次，检验3种OFDI对出口产品质量的影响及其异质性。然后，构建中间变量，考察OFDI对出口产品质量的作用机制。最后，作为纵向扩展，分析OFDI“企业质量效应”向行业层面的传递，尝试为现有文献提供宏观和微观之间的联系机制。本课题将集群与企业层面的OFDI相结合，能够识别整体作用、直接作用、集群内关联和集群外空间溢出等多种效应，为准确评估OFDI的作用提供了全新的思路。

A large number of documents confirm that China's large-scale Outward Foreign Direct Investment has a strong Export Creation Effect. Does this mean that OFDI improves Chinese Export Product Quality? There is no literature systematically study this issue from the perspective of Product Quality. Therefore, this project attempts to use large-scale and highly detailed micro-data to examine the impact of OFDI on Export Product Quality from both cluster and enterprise perspectives. Firstly, we will establish a theoretical model to analyze the impact of OFDI on Export Product Quality of Enterprises. Secondly, merging micro-databases, using regression method to measure Export Product Quality of Enterprises and calculating OFDI overflow within and outside the cluster by using industry and geographic distance. Thirdly, we will check the impact of three kinds of OFDI on Export Product Quality and investigate their heterogeneity in multiple dimensions. Then, we construct the intermediate variable and examine the mechanism of OFDI on Export Product Quality. Finally, as a vertical extension, we further analyze the transfer of OFDI "Enterprise Quality Effect" to the industry level and try to provide a macroscopic and microscopic connection for the existing literature. This project combines the cluster with the OFDI at the enterprise level to identify a variety of effects, such as Overall Effect, Direct Effect, Intra-cluster Association and Extra-cluster Space Spillover, and provides a completely new idea for accurately evaluating the role of OFDI.