以内固定植入为代表的现代脊柱手术正向着微创化、智能化的方向迅速发展，与此同时对术者操作的精准性及诊疗方案制定的合理性提出更高的要求。外科虚拟手术系统的兴起使医生以更高效、精准、全方位立体的方式了解病变的形态与结构，通过仿真的手术模拟，制定出更个性化的手术方案。"力反馈"技术的应用可再现虚拟环境中的触感，增强其真实感，帮助医生提高手术技巧。本项目拟针对脊柱外科手术中内固定的植入过程，研究通过力反馈数据采集分析、图像融合、目标自动分割、形变模拟及力学分析优化等关键技术，构建具有力反馈触觉、沉浸式立体视觉和听觉实时交互的稳定、逼真的虚拟手术训练系统。该系统的应用，将为复杂的脊柱手术提供最"真实"的术前模拟训练，为高风险的脊柱手术提供最安全的训练机会，以及为有效地促进脊柱外科青年医生手术技能的培训，提供最有用的训练平台。因此，研究该虚拟手术训练系统对于脊柱外科的发展而言具有重大意义。

Modern spine surgeries are changing rapidly toward a minimal invasive and computer assisted manner. Thus demanding a higher standard of surgical accuracy during operation and a better surgical plan made for specific parient. The advent of virtual surgical simulator system strike great importance in the medical field. It can help surgeons to learn about the disease in an efficient, accurate and three-dimensional way. By simulating the surgical process of spinal surgery using virtual reality technologies, surgeons can be fully awared of the disease and make the best surgical plan out of each patient. Applying haptic feedback technology into the virtual surgery simulator will allow the users to feel the sense of touch from operating virtual objects, thus enhancing the system's ability to mimic the reality and helping surgeons to improve with their technics. In our current proposal, we plan to study and construct an immersive spine surgery virtual surgical simulator with haptic feedback that can vividly depict+9 the real surgical process of planting internal fixation into the vertebral. In order to achieve this goal, thorough analysis of the force feedback experiment data and optimizing the image fusion, automatic dividing and mechanical analysis technologies of the system are required. Creating the most real spine surgical environment ever, which provides a perfect platform for surgeons to solve complicated surgeries through simulation, to increase surgical safety in risky cases, and train young spine surgeons of surgical technics. In brief, construct such virtual reality and haptic feedback based spine surgical simulator is of great importance to the development of modern spine surgery.