西辽河流域史前人群的遗传多样性及其与地域文化变迁的关系

西辽河流域曾孕育出红山文化等灿烂史前文化，对中华文明形成具有关键作用，对该地区史前人群的来源及组成成分的变迁的研究，可了解其对地域文化的形成和发展脉络的作用及其与中原族群和现代人群的关系。使用古DNA技术获得史前人类的基因组信息，可以直接而可信地重现史前人群的遗传结构。本研究拟使用新一代测序技术，测定西辽河流域史前不同考古学文化的古代个体的线粒体全基因组序列，确定不同文化人群的母系遗传组成；并测定不同区域的Y-SNP，确定史前文化人群的父系遗传组成。通过比较本地区史前各考古文化间以及同一时期周边考古文化人群父系和母系的群体遗传组成及其动态变化，确定人群组成成分的来源、迁徙途径和规模，并估算出群体扩张或迁徙发生的大致时间，同时结合考古学地域文化信息，探讨史前人群遗传组成及其变化对地域文化的形成和发展的影响，以期为深入揭示中华文明发生、发展和演化的过程和影响因素提供有价值的信息。

The Western Liao River Valley gave birth to glorious prehistoric cultures such as Hongshan culture, and played a vital role in the formation and evolution of Chinese civilization. The study of the original component and its dynamics of prehistory population in this region can help to understand the context of the formation and development of regional culture and its relationship with the Central Plains populations. The genetic structure of prehistoric population can be reconstructed directly and scientifically based on human genomic information, which can be retrieved by ancient DNA techniques. With the application of new generation sequencing technique, this study intends to sequence the whole mitochondrial genome of ancient individuals belonging to different prehistoric culture in Western Liao River valley; the paternal structure will be also determined by testing differentY-SNPs. The sources, pathways and the scale of population migration will be determined and the approximate time of population expansion or migration can be also estimated through comparing maternal and paternal genetic composition and its dynamics among prehistoric cultures in this region as well as around in the same period. Combining with the archaeological data, we will discuss the effect of genetic component and its dynamics of prehistoric culture population on the formation and development of local culture, and further to provide information on the origin, development, and evolution of Chinese civilization.