深海冷泉奇古菌和浮霉菌在生长和驱动氮元素循环过程中的互作机制研究

海洋是研究氮元素生物地球化学循环的重要场所。据报导，驱动海洋氮元素循环的古菌（以奇古菌为代表）和细菌（以浮霉菌为代表）可能存在耦合作用，但耦合机制仍不清晰，解析这种耦合关系对海洋氮循环复杂机制的阐释有重要意义。深海是海洋氮循环的最大场所，海洋中60%氮气的生成来源于沉积物，而对微生物驱动深海生境氮元素循环的研究非常有限。申请者团队新近纯培养了深海冷泉奇古菌（新属水平）和浮霉菌（新科水平）各一株，在研究过程中发现两株菌可以长期共存，可能存在某种协同生长机制。因此，本项目旨在综合运用微生物学、各种组学及生物信息学技术，系统揭示自主培养的奇古菌和浮霉菌在同一培养体系中如何相互影响生长及对氮元素的利用？其中蕴含着何种新机制？这些调控机制在自然界的微生物中的分布范围如何？本项目的实施将首次揭示深海奇古菌和浮霉菌驱动氮循环过程中的相互作用机制，为进一步深入了解海洋氮元素循环复杂过程提供重要启示。

The ocean is an important target to study the biogeochemical cycle of nitrogen. It was reported that there was coupling effect between Archaea (represented by Thaumarchaea) and Bacteria (represented by Planctomycetes), two kinds of important microorganisms driving nitrogen cycling in the ocean, with unknown mechanisms. It is of great significance to explain the complex mechanism of marine nitrogen cycle by analyzing the coupling relationship. The deep-sea is the largest place of nitrogen cycle in the ocean, and 60% of nitrogen generation in the ocean comes from sediments, however, the study of nitrogen cycle driven by microorganisms in the deep-sea habitat is very limited. The research team of applicant has recently cultivated one Thaumarchaea (new genus level) and one Planctomycetes (new family level), respectively. During the research, it was found that the two strains could coexist for a long time with some unknown cooperative growth mechanism. Therefore, the purpose of this project is to comprehensively use microbiology, various omics and bioinformatics technologies to systematically reveal how the co-cultured Thaumarchaea and Planctomycetes interact with each other in the same culture system and how to utilize nitrogen element with some novel mechanisms. In addition, we will also disclose the distribution range of these regulatory mechanisms in natural microorganisms. The implementation of this project will reveal for the first time the interaction mechanism in the process of nitrogen cycle driven by Thaumarchaea and Planctomycetes, which will provide important enlightenment for further understanding of the complex process of marine nitrogen cycle.