芽孢乳酸菌调控Foxp3+ Treg及其信号通路缓解对虾原肌球蛋白致敏反应的机制

水产品过敏在联合国粮农组织公布的八大食物过敏中占25%，已成为公众广泛关注的食品安全热点问题之一。原肌球蛋白是虾、蟹等甲壳类主要过敏原，研究发现包括芽孢乳酸菌等在内的益生菌能通过作用于Foxp3+Treg细胞等免疫系统显著缓解此类过敏，但相关机制尚不明确、说法不一。鉴于此，本项目着眼于Foxp3+Treg免疫平衡及其信号通路调控，以对虾原肌球蛋白作为过敏原，通过研究益生菌芽孢乳酸菌（BC09.712）诱导Foxp3+Treg负反馈调控致敏状态下肠道树突状细胞的激活效应；调控Foxp3+Treg与其它细胞亚群分化平衡；对Foxp3+Treg相关信号通路的调控；诱导Foxp3+Treg以平衡体内过敏效应等四个方面，深入探究芽孢乳酸菌免疫调控及缓解致敏反应的分子机制。本项目旨在充实和完善水产食品原料学中过敏原及免疫调控的相关基础理论，为水产食品过敏的预防与控制提供必要的依据和支撑。

Seafood allergy is among one of the most common food allergies, with fish and shellfish being two of the “big eight” categories of food allergens published by FAO, which can create both public health and economic concerns. Of which, tropomyosin was found to be a major agent for food hypersensitivity in crustaceans such as shrimp and crab. A great deal of scientific research has shown the cellular and humoral immune responses stimulated by probiotics for the beneficial effects on allergic disease. However, the mechanism by which they modulate the immune system is poorly understood. Previous studies demonstrated that oral treatment of tropomyosin-sensitized mice with Bacillus coagulans BC09.712 could significantly attenuate hypersensitivity responses and inhibit IgE production. In the present work, we will seek to identify if this strain could confer potent anti-allergic effects by a fine balance between allergen-specific CD4+Foxp3+regulatory T cells (Tregs) and T helper immune response as well as regulation by signaling pathways using shrimp tropomyosin as a model seafood allergen. The potential mechanisms include i) suppression of the capacity of dendritic cells to prime effector cells, ii) regulation of the Foxp3+ Tregs and other T helper cells balance, iii) manipulation of Treg-related signaling pathways, and iv) suppressing the production of allergen-specific IgE and mast cells degranulation by Tregs. This study will contribute to providing important evidence for prevention and control of seafood allergy.