白粉病是小麦重要病害之一，黑麦6RL染色体上携带的白粉病抗性基因对我国多数白粉菌优势菌系表现优异抗性。然而，由于6R染色体对小麦农艺性状存在不良影响，导致该抗性基因还未被成功应用到小麦育种中。我们创制了抗白粉病的新型小麦-黑麦6RL微小染色体附加系，提供了6RL染色体上优异抗性基因遗传和应用的新途径，可望解决这一难题。本项目将利用育成的这些材料，综合采用SLAF-Seq、RNA-Seq、原位杂交和免疫共定位技术，分析抗病微小染色体的结构特点，阐明抗病微小染色体在不同小麦背景中的遗传机制及其对小麦重要农艺性状的影响。研究结果将推动黑麦6RL白粉病抗性基因在小麦育种中的应用进程，同时丰富植物工程微小染色体在作物育种中应用的理论基础。

Powdery mildew is one of the most important diseases in wheat producing regions. Resistant gene to powdery mildew derived from 6RL chromosome arm of rye displays broad-spectrum resistance to most of the prevalent isolates of powdery mildew in our country. However，this powdery mildew resistant gene has not been used in wheat cultivars because 6R chromosome has adverse effects on agronomic traits. Wheat-rye 6RL minichromosome addition lines with powdery mildew resistance were created. The 6RL minichromosomes could resolve this problem because it affords a new way for utilizing the elite genes from 6R chromosome. In this project, technologies SLAF-Seq,RNA-Seq,in situ hybridization and immunolocalization will be used to investigate the structure and hereditary mechanism of the minichromosomes. In addition, the effect of the minichromosomes on important agronomic traits of wheat will also be investigated. The results will prompt the progress of utilizing the powdery mildew resistant gene from 6RL and enrich the theoretical basis of utilization of engineered plant minichromosome in crop breeding.