卒中是成年人最主要的后天致残原因。然而，迄今尚无针对卒中恢复期的组织修复和功能重建的特异靶标，因此缺乏有效的恢复期治疗药物。在探索中的干细胞移植、康复训练等干预措施，虽能够增强神经可塑性，在一定程度上改善神经缺陷行为，但因无法真正修复梗死区丢失的组织结构，这些措施的治疗效果是有限的。本项目应用人多能干细胞（hPSCs）定向分化技术在体外培育3D细胞组织——人脑类器官，并将基质胶Matrigel作为支持脑类器官3D结构的生物材料，移植到光照致皮层栓塞的免疫缺陷小鼠的梗死皮层，辅以环境丰富化训练，促进人脑类皮层在病灶区的存活及进一步分化为成熟神经元，并整合入正确的神经环路，修复梗死区的组织结构，最终消除卒中模式动物的神经缺陷行为，为尝试“治愈”卒中提供一种新的技术手段。

Stroke is a major cause of acquired disability in adults. However there is no pharmacological therapy available for promoting recovery, as there is no specific target for tissue repair and functional rebulding in the recovery period after stroke. Various interventions such as stem cells transplation and rehabilitation training are currently being explored to enhance neuroplasticity, and thereby to improve neuronal defect behaviors to a certain extent. Because it is difficult to reconstruct the tissue structure in the infarct area, the therapeutic effects of these interventions are limited. Here we will culture three-dimensional (3D) cell tissue─human brain organoids in vitro through human pluripotent stem cell (hPSCs) directional differentiation. We will use matrigel as a biological material to support the 3D structure of brain organoids, and transplant the human brain organoids into the infarct area of SCID mice subjected to photothrombotic stroke. Moreover, we will determine whether environmental enrichment exposure facilitates the brain organoids to survive, differentiate into target neurons and correctly integrate into the host neural circuit. And more importantly, whether the brain organoids transplatation reconstructs the tissue structure in the infarct area and substantially eliminates neuronal defect behaviors of stroke mice. Our research will reveal a novel technique for trying to cure stoke.