多种核技术研究南方丝路单色玻璃珠的工艺体系和呈色机理

亚洲沿丝绸之路曾出现广泛的玻璃贸易，单色玻璃珠是公元前后东亚、南亚、东南亚玻璃发展的重要一页，工艺源流受到学界高度关注，但其技术特征仍有待深入系统调查。本项目研究沿南方丝路（包括海上及西南丝路）玻璃珠工艺，主要考察对比孟加拉国和我国云南广西一带出土公元前3世纪至3世纪左右单色珠，综合应用包括同步辐射在内的多种分析技术（XRF、EPMA、SEM-EDS、XAFS、SR-μCT、LAICPMS、LAICPAES等），构建单色珠工艺体系，揭示其物理化学基础性质。主要研究：基于具有明确考古背景的新材料，补上该地区古玻璃珠领域的关键数据缺环；归纳成分体系，寻找产地属性和年代特征；确定着色元素价态及原子周围局域结构，重点探明呈色机理；根据显微结构分析，推断成型工序；开展模拟实验以验证制作工艺。基于以上工作，讨论该时空背景下玻璃的工艺演进、生产组织和流布模式，初步探讨南方丝路技术发展格局与文化交流形态。

Ancient glass had been widely traded over the Silk Roads in Asia. Among the traded items, monochrome glass beads constitute an important phase in the history of glass in East, South and Southeast Asia. The technological origin and dispersal of such monochrome glass beads is highly significant for the ancient glass research community; however, a systematic and thorough investigation of the technological characteristics is yet to be found. In this project we study the technology of glass beads along the Maritime and Southeast Silk Roads, focusing on the monochrome glass beads from the 3rd century BC to the 3rd century AD and excavated from Bangladesh and China’s Yunnan and Guangxi. We plan to use an array of modern techniques, including XRF, EPMA, SEM-EDS, XAFS, SR-μCT, LAICPMS, LAICPAES, etc., with an emphasis on using synchrotron facilities. We aim to construct the technological framework and to reveal the physical-chemical properties of these monochrome glass beads. Our main research goals include: based on these newly found artifacts with well-defined archaeological background, we would fill a critical gap of ancient glass bead research in this area; With compositional data we intend to determine the technological categories, and to find any data features correlated to location and time of production; With the oxidation states and coordination information of the colorant elements, we plan to explain the coloration mechanism; With observed micro-structure we plan to infer on the specific shaping procedures; We also plan to carry out simulation experiment to replicate these beads in order to verify our previous analyses. Based on these results, we will discuss the technological evolution, organization for production, and the dispersal patterns of ancient glass under the given temporal and spatial setting, and will attempt to seek more understanding in the characteristics of technological development and cultural exchange along the Southern Silk Roads.