Unconscious relational encoding depends on hippocampus.
Unconscious relational encoding depends on hippocampus.
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DOI：
10.1093/brain/awu270
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发表时间：
2014-12
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Henke K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Duss SB;Reber TP;Hänggi J;Schwab S;Wiest R;Müri RM;Brugger P;Gutbrod K;Henke K
有关本文的科学评论见梅斯（doi:）。
海马体被认为仅支持有意识记忆，而新皮质支持有意识和无意识记忆。杜斯等人表明，海马体 - 丘脑前轴受损的失忆患者表现出一种减弱形式的无意识编码和提取，这表明某些形式的无意识记忆依赖于海马体。
教科书根据意识对人类记忆系统进行分类。海马体被认为仅支持有意识编码，而新皮质支持有意识和无意识编码。我们通过对11名失忆患者（平均年龄 = 45.55岁，标准差 = 8.74，范围 = 23 - 60）和11名匹配的健康对照受试者进行的三项神经影像学实验，测试了是加工模式而非意识区分了记忆系统。所研究的加工模式是单项与关系编码，且假设只有关系编码依赖于海马体。参与者对单个单词或单词之间的新关系进行编码，之后进行提取。通过阈下（不可见）单词呈现排除了编码的意识。失忆患者和对照组在激活前额叶皮质的单项任务中表现同样良好。但只有对照组在激活海马体的关系任务中成功，而失忆患者作为一个群体失败了。因此，无意识关系编码而非无意识单项编码依赖于海马体。然而，有三名患者尽管失忆，但在无意识关系编码上表现正常，这利用了未受损的海马体组织以及与语言皮质的连接。这种结果模式表明加工模式区分了记忆系统，而意识区分了一个记忆系统内的功能层次。
See Mayes (doi:) for a scientific commentary on this article. The hippocampus is thought to support only conscious memory, while neocortex supports both conscious and unconscious memory. Duss et al. show that amnesic patients with damage to the hippocampal–anterior thalamic axis exhibit a diminished form of unconscious encoding and retrieval, suggesting that certain forms of unconscious memory are hippocampus-dependent. Textbooks divide between human memory systems based on consciousness. Hippocampus is thought to support only conscious encoding, while neocortex supports both conscious and unconscious encoding. We tested whether processing modes, not consciousness, divide between memory systems in three neuroimaging experiments with 11 amnesic patients (mean age = 45.55 years, standard deviation = 8.74, range = 23–60) and 11 matched healthy control subjects. Examined processing modes were single item versus relational encoding with only relational encoding hypothesized to depend on hippocampus. Participants encoded and later retrieved either single words or new relations between words. Consciousness of encoding was excluded by subliminal (invisible) word presentation. Amnesic patients and controls performed equally well on the single item task activating prefrontal cortex. But only the controls succeeded on the relational task activating the hippocampus, while amnesic patients failed as a group. Hence, unconscious relational encoding, but not unconscious single item encoding, depended on hippocampus. Yet, three patients performed normally on unconscious relational encoding in spite of amnesia capitalizing on spared hippocampal tissue and connections to language cortex. This pattern of results suggests that processing modes divide between memory systems, while consciousness divides between levels of function within a memory system.
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影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Henke, K;Treyer, V;Buck, A
通讯作者：
Buck, A
影响因子：
3
作者：
Henke, Katharina;Reber, Thomas P.;Duss, Simone B.
通讯作者：
Duss, Simone B.
影响因子：
2
作者：
Chen, Janice;Olsen, Rosanna K.;Wagner, Anthony D.
通讯作者：
Wagner, Anthony D.
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Henke, K;Mondadori, CRA;Hock, C
通讯作者：
Hock, C
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Mayes, AR;Holdstock, JS;Roberts, N
通讯作者：
Roberts, N