Direct RNA Sequencing Reveals SARS-CoV-2 m6A Sites and Possible Differential DRACH Motif Methylation among Variants.

Direct RNA Sequencing Reveals SARS-CoV-2 m6A Sites and Possible Differential DRACH Motif Methylation among Variants.
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DOI:
10.3390/v13112108
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发表时间:
2021-10-20
期刊:
Viruses
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Briones MRS
Briones MRS
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Campos JHC;Maricato JT;Braconi CT;Antoneli F;Janini LMR;Briones MRS

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COVID-19大流行的病原体SARS-CoV-2具有29,903个碱基的正义单链RNA基因组。RNA显示出大约150个修饰的碱基,这些碱基对正常功能至关重要。在内部修饰的碱基中,N6-甲基腺苷或m6 A是最常见的,并且与SARS-CoV-2免疫应答逃避有关。虽然SARS-CoV-2基因组是RNA,但迄今为止测序的几乎所有基因组实际上都是逆转录的互补DNA。这个过程降低了这些病毒基因组的真正复杂性,因为dNTPs的掺入隐藏了RNA碱基修饰。在这里,我们提出了纳米孔直接RNA测序的初步探索,以评估在SARS冠状病毒-2的ORF 3a,E,M,ORF 6,ORF 7a,ORF 7 b,ORF 8,N,ORF 10和3′-非翻译区序列中的m6 A残基。我们鉴定了15个m6 A甲基化位点,其中6个位于ORF N。此外,由于m6 A与DRACH基序相关,我们比较了其在主要SARS-CoV-2变体中的分布。尽管DRACH在变异体中高度保守,但我们发现变异体Beta和Eta在DRACH的28,884 b处有第四个位置C > U的变化,这可能影响甲基化。这是巴西SARS-CoV-2样本的直接RNA测序与修饰碱基鉴定的首次报告。
The causative agent of COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2, has a 29,903 bases positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome. RNAs exhibit about 150 modified bases that are essential for proper function. Among internal modified bases, the N6-methyladenosine, or m6A, is the most frequent, and is implicated in SARS-CoV-2 immune response evasion. Although the SARS-CoV-2 genome is RNA, almost all genomes sequenced thus far are, in fact, reverse transcribed complementary DNAs. This process reduces the true complexity of these viral genomes because the incorporation of dNTPs hides RNA base modifications. Here, we present an initial exploration of Nanopore direct RNA sequencing to assess the m6A residues in the SARS-CoV-2 sequences of ORF3a, E, M, ORF6, ORF7a, ORF7b, ORF8, N, ORF10 and the 3′-untranslated region. We identified fifteen m6A methylated positions, of which, six are in ORF N. Additionally, because m6A is associated with the DRACH motif, we compared its distribution in major SARS-CoV-2 variants. Although DRACH is highly conserved among variants, we show that variants Beta and Eta have a fourth position C > U change in DRACH at 28,884b that could affect methylation. This is the first report of direct RNA sequencing of a Brazilian SARS-CoV-2 sample coupled with the identification of modified bases.
METTL3调节SARS-COV-2感染期间的病毒M6A RNA修饰和宿主细胞先天免疫反应。
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