Roadless wilderness area determines forest elephant movements in the Congo Basin.
Roadless wilderness area determines forest elephant movements in the Congo Basin.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0003546
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Kock MD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Blake S;Deem SL;Strindberg S;Maisels F;Momont L;Isia IB;Douglas-Hamilton I;Karesh WB;Kock MD
在私营企业、国际援助和政府抱负的推动下，刚果盆地的道路建设正在戏剧性地扩大。在地球上的大荒野地区中，刚果盆地以其高度的生物多样性而出类拔萃，特别是包括森林大象(Loxodonta Africana Cycltis)在内的流动大型动物。由于狩猎压力，盆地中许多哺乳动物物种的数量随着距离道路的距离而增加，但道路扩散对个体行动的影响尚不清楚。我们通过在生活在六个优先保护区的28头森林象身上安装GPS遥测项圈，研究了森林象与道路和无路荒野的测距行为。我们表明，无路荒野的大小是该物种家园范围大小的强烈决定因素。虽然我们的研究地点包括非洲中部森林中最大的荒野区域，但我们计算的4个家园范围度量(包括核心面积)都没有趋向于随荒野大小增加的渐近线，这表明森林象不再存在无限制的活动范围。此外，我们还表明，没有受到狩猎保护的保护区外的道路是行动的强大障碍，而保护区内的道路则不是。从我们的样本中只有一头大象穿过了一条没有保护的道路。在穿越过程中，她的平均速度比正常运动增加了14倍。穿越刚果盆地的道路越来越限制和制约着森林大象，这降低了有效栖息地的可用性，使种群孤立，严重威胁到长期的保护努力。如果目前的道路发展轨迹继续下去，森林荒野和它们所包含的森林大象将会崩溃。
A dramatic expansion of road building is underway in the Congo Basin fuelled by private enterprise, international aid, and government aspirations. Among the great wilderness areas on earth, the Congo Basin is outstanding for its high biodiversity, particularly mobile megafauna including forest elephants (Loxodonta africana cyclotis). The abundance of many mammal species in the Basin increases with distance from roads due to hunting pressure, but the impacts of road proliferation on the movements of individuals are unknown. We investigated the ranging behaviour of forest elephants in relation to roads and roadless wilderness by fitting GPS telemetry collars onto a sample of 28 forest elephants living in six priority conservation areas. We show that the size of roadless wilderness is a strong determinant of home range size in this species. Though our study sites included the largest wilderness areas in central African forests, none of 4 home range metrics we calculated, including core area, tended toward an asymptote with increasing wilderness size, suggesting that uninhibited ranging in forest elephants no longer exists. Furthermore we show that roads outside protected areas which are not protected from hunting are a formidable barrier to movement while roads inside protected areas are not. Only 1 elephant from our sample crossed an unprotected road. During crossings her mean speed increased 14-fold compared to normal movements. Forest elephants are increasingly confined and constrained by roads across the Congo Basin which is reducing effective habitat availability and isolating populations, significantly threatening long term conservation efforts. If the current road development trajectory continues, forest wildernesses and the forest elephants they contain will collapse.
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刚果盆地的森林大象危机。
影响因子：
9.8
作者：
Blake, Stephen;Strindberg, Samantha;Boudjan, Patrick;Makombo, Calixte;Bila-Isia, Inogwabini;Ilambu, Omari;Grossmann, Falk;Bene-Bene, Lambert;de Semboli, Bruno;Mbenzo, Valentin;S'hwa, Dino;Bayogo, Rosine;Williamson, Liz;Fay, Mike;Hart, John;Maisels, Fiona
通讯作者：
Maisels, Fiona
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Berger, Joel
通讯作者：
Berger, Joel
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
Laurance, William F.;Croes, Barbara M.;Ondzeano, Claude
通讯作者：
Ondzeano, Claude
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
Laporte, Nadine T.;Stabach, Jared A.;Goetz, Scott J.
通讯作者：
Goetz, Scott J.
影响因子：
5.7
作者：
Hoare, RE
通讯作者：
Hoare, RE