How group size affects vigilance dynamics and time allocation patterns: the key role of imitation and tempo.
How group size affects vigilance dynamics and time allocation patterns: the key role of imitation and tempo.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0018631
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发表时间：
2011-04-15
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Deneubourg JL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Michelena P;Deneubourg JL
在社会觅食的背景下，捕食者检测一直是众多研究的主题，这些研究承认个体对进食和警惕之间权衡的适应性反应。通常情况下，动物通过增加它们的进食时间和减少它们的警惕努力来获得能量，而不会增加它们被捕食的风险（“群体规模效应”）。对警觉性的生物学效用的研究已经压倒了对将个人决策与群体行为联系起来的机械规则的考虑。以绵羊为模型物种，我们确定了同种动物的行为如何影响个体转换活动的决定。我们强调了一个简单的机制，即集体警惕动态的群体规模效应是由两个关键特征：社会放大和觅食和扫描回合持续时间之间的内在差异的大小。我们的研究结果突出了扫描的持续时间和觅食回合在组的水平之间的正相关性。这一发现揭示了活动之间存在高和低转换率的群体，表明转换率或“节奏”的个体差异。我们提出了一个数学模型的基础上从实验中得出的行为规则。我们的理论预测表明，该系统是强大的模仿扫描和觅食的倾向方面的变化，但灵活的活动回合的持续时间的差异。该模型显示了个人的决定如何有助于集体的行为模式，以及如何组，反过来，促进个人层面的适应性反应。
In the context of social foraging, predator detection has been the subject of numerous studies, which acknowledge the adaptive response of the individual to the trade-off between feeding and vigilance. Typically, animals gain energy by increasing their feeding time and decreasing their vigilance effort with increasing group size, without increasing their risk of predation (‘group size effect’). Research on the biological utility of vigilance has prevailed over considerations of the mechanistic rules that link individual decisions to group behavior. With sheep as a model species, we identified how the behaviors of conspecifics affect the individual decisions to switch activity. We highlight a simple mechanism whereby the group size effect on collective vigilance dynamics is shaped by two key features: the magnitude of social amplification and intrinsic differences between foraging and scanning bout durations. Our results highlight a positive correlation between the duration of scanning and foraging bouts at the level of the group. This finding reveals the existence of groups with high and low rates of transition between activies, suggesting individual variations in the transition rate, or ‘tempo’. We present a mathematical model based on behavioral rules derived from experiments. Our theoretical predictions show that the system is robust in respect to variations in the propensity to imitate scanning and foraging, yet flexible in respect to differences in the duration of activity bouts. The model shows how individual decisions contribute to collective behavior patterns and how the group, in turn, facilitates individual-level adaptive responses.
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影响因子：
1.7
作者：
BEKOFF, M
通讯作者：
BEKOFF, M
鱼类捕食海洋昆虫的自私群稀释效应证据
影响因子：
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作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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Beauchamp, Guy
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
BERTRAM, BCR
通讯作者：
BERTRAM, BCR