Bacterial Abundance and Community Composition in Pond Water From Shrimp Aquaculture Systems With Different Stocking Densities.
Bacterial Abundance and Community Composition in Pond Water From Shrimp Aquaculture Systems With Different Stocking Densities.
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DOI：
10.3389/fmicb.2018.02457
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Gärdes A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alfiansah YR;Hassenrück C;Kunzmann A;Taslihan A;Harder J;Gärdes A
在对虾水产养殖中，养殖系统经过精心管理，以避免由于压力、疾病或大规模死亡而导致饲养失败，并实现最佳的对虾产量。然而，对虾养殖系统如何影响饲养水中的生物地球化学参数和细菌群落，高放养密度（集约化系统）是否会增加病原菌的丰度，人们知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们对不同种群密度的虾池中的细菌群落进行了表征。在对虾养殖期间，对中等密度/半精养虾池（40 后期幼体 m-3）和高密度/精养虾池（90 后期幼体 m-3）中的水质，如物理参数、无机营养浓度和可培养的异养细菌丰度（包括潜在的致病性弧菌）进行了测定。通过 16S rRNA 基因的扩增子测序来表征自由生活和颗粒附着的细菌群落。半精养系统和精养系统之间的悬浮颗粒物 (SPM)、盐度、叶绿素 a、pH 值和溶解氧存在显着差异。这些变化与同等丰度的可培养异养细菌和无机营养浓度形成鲜明对比。细菌群落以γ变形菌门、α变形菌门、黄杆菌门、杆菌门和放线菌门为主。盐单胞菌属和嗜冷杆菌属是颗粒附着部分中最主要的属，而萨勒根提杆菌属、硫酸杆菌属和盐单胞菌属则在两个系统的自由生活部分中都被发现。冗余分析表明，在观察到的环境参数中，盐度最适合解释自由生活和颗粒附着细菌群落的组成模式（R2分别为15.32和12.81%），尽管很大一部分仍然无法解释。根据 16S rRNA 基因序列，集约化池塘的聚集颗粒比半集约化池塘的颗粒装载了更高比例的弧菌。在各个池塘中，弧菌和盐单胞菌的序列比例表现出与 pH 值变化一致的反比关系。我们的观察表明，高 pH 值可能会抑制弧菌种群，并最终抑制致病性弧菌。我们的研究表明，高密度虾池的弧菌患病率较高，SPM 含量较高，浮游植物丰度较高。为了避免饲养失败，必须仔细管理这些参数，例如提供充足的饲料、维持 pH 水平以及定期清除有机物沉积物。
In shrimp aquaculture, farming systems are carefully managed to avoid rearing failure due to stress, disease, or mass mortality, and to achieve optimum shrimp production. However, little is known about how shrimp farming systems affect biogeochemical parameters and bacterial communities in rearing water, whether high stocking densities (intensive system) will increase the abundance of pathogenic bacteria. In this study, we characterized bacterial communities in shrimp ponds with different population densities. Water quality, such as physical parameters, inorganic nutrient concentrations, and cultivable heterotrophic bacterial abundances, including potential pathogenic Vibrio, were determined in moderate density/semi-intensive (40 post-larvae m-3) and high density/intensive shrimp ponds (90 post-larvae m-3), over the shrimp cultivation time. Free-living and particle-attached bacterial communities were characterized by amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Suspended particulate matter (SPM), salinity, chlorophyll a, pH, and dissolved oxygen differed significantly between semi-intensive and intensive systems. These variations contrasted with the equal abundance of cultivable heterotrophic bacteria and inorganic nutrient concentrations. Bacterial communities were dominated by Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Flavobacteriia, Bacilli, and Actinobacteria. Halomonas and Psychrobacter were the most dominant genera in the particle-attached fractions, while Salegentibacter, Sulfitobacter, and Halomonas were found in the free-living fractions of both systems. Redundancy analysis indicated that among the observed environmental parameters, salinity was best suited to explain patterns in the composition of both free-living and particle-attached bacterial communities (R2: 15.32 and 12.81%, respectively), although a large fraction remained unexplained. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, aggregated particles from intensive ponds loaded a higher proportion of Vibrio than particles from semi-intensive ponds. In individual ponds, sequence proportions of Vibrio and Halomonas displayed an inverse relationship that coincided with changes in pH. Our observations suggest that high pH-values may suppress Vibrio populations and eventually pathogenic Vibrio. Our study showed that high-density shrimp ponds had a higher prevalence of Vibrio, increased amounts of SPM, and higher phytoplankton abundances. To avoid rearing failure, these parameters have to be managed carefully, for example by providing adequate feed, maintaining pH level, and removing organic matter deposits regularly.
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影响因子：
15.5
作者：
Fernandes AD;Reid JN;Macklaim JM;McMurrough TA;Edgell DR;Gloor GB
通讯作者：
Gloor GB
影响因子：
4.5
作者：
Burford, MA;Thompson, PJ;Pearson, DC
通讯作者：
Pearson, DC
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
BIDLE, KD;FLETCHER, M
通讯作者：
FLETCHER, M
影响因子：
4.5
作者：
Bourne, DG;Young, N;Hall, M
通讯作者：
Hall, M
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Chavez-Dozal, Alba;Gorman, Clayton;Nishiguchi, Michele K.
通讯作者：
Nishiguchi, Michele K.