What does non-standard employment look like in the United States? An empirical typology of employment quality.
What does non-standard employment look like in the United States? An empirical typology of employment quality.
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DOI：
10.1007/s11205-022-02907-8
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发表时间：
2022-09
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Seixas, Noah
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Peckham, Trevor;Flaherty, Brian;Hajat, Anjum;Fujishiro, Kaori;Jacoby, Dan;Seixas, Noah
关键词：
尽管显着的兴趣在不断变化的就业性质作为一个关键的社会和经济面临的挑战，特别是在所谓的标准就业关系（SER）的下降和上升，更不安全，不稳定的就业形式，学者们一直在努力运作的多方面和异质性的当代工人与雇主的关系在实证分析。在这里，我们调查了美国雇佣关系的特征和分布，根据《社会综合调查》（2002 - 2018年）中工薪阶层和自营职业者的代表性样本。我们使用就业质量（EQ）的多维结构，其中包括合同（例如，工资、合同类型）和关系（例如，员工代表和参与）。我们进一步采用类型学测量方法，使用潜在类分析，明确研究如何就业的多个方面集群在现代劳动力市场。我们介绍了美国八种不同的就业类型，包括一个类似于SER模型的历史概念（占总劳动力的24%），以及其他代表各种有利和不利就业特征的星座。就从事这些工作的人以及他们在劳动力市场的位置而言，这些就业类型在社会上分布不均匀。重要的是，妇女、受教育程度较低的人和年轻工人更有可能从事不稳定的就业形式。更一般地说，我们的类型学揭示了与标准与非标准就业的二元概念相关的局限性，或者二元劳动力市场理论中设想的内部-外部二分法。
Despite significant interest in the changing nature of employment as a critical social and economic challenge facing society—especially the decline in the so-called Standard Employment Relationship (SER) and rise in more insecure, precarious forms of employment—scholars have struggled to operationalize the multifaceted and heterogeneous nature of contemporary worker-employer relationships within empirical analyses. Here we investigate the character and distribution of employment relationships in the U.S., drawing on a representative sample of wage-earners and self-employed from the General Social Survey (2002 – 2018). We use the multidimensional construct of employment quality (EQ), which includes both contractual (e.g., wages, contract type) and relational (e.g., employee representation and participation) aspects of employment. We further employ a typological measurement approach, using latent class analysis, to explicitly examine how the multiple aspects of employment cluster together in modern labor markets. We present eight distinct employment types in the U.S., including one resembling the historical conception of the SER model (24% of the total workforce), and others representing various constellations of favorable and adverse employment features. These employment types are unevenly distributed across society, in terms of who works these jobs and where they are found in the labor market. Importantly, women, those with lower education, and younger workers are more likely to be in precarious forms of employment. More generally, our typology reveals limitations associated with binary conceptions of standard vs. non-standard employment, or insider-outsider dichotomies envisioned within dual labor market theories.
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影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Bosch, G
通讯作者：
Bosch, G
影响因子：
3.1
作者：
Fuller, Sylvia;Vosko, Leah F.
通讯作者：
Vosko, Leah F.
DOI：
10.1080/10705511.2014.935844
发表时间：
2015-04-03
影响因子：
6
作者：
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通讯作者：
Muthen, Bengt
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
Bodin, Theo;Caglayan, Cigdem;Julia, Mireia
通讯作者：
Julia, Mireia
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Julia, Mireia;Vanroelen, Christophe;Benach, Joan
通讯作者：
Benach, Joan