Stable distribution of reciprocity motives in a population.
Stable distribution of reciprocity motives in a population.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41598-020-74818-y
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发表时间：
2020-10-23
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Sanfey AG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
van Baar JM;Klaassen FH;Ricci F;Chang LJ;Sanfey AG
进化模型表明，人类合作可以通过直接互惠关系产生。然而，目前还不清楚哪些心理机制近端激励个人回报。最近的证据表明，选择互惠信任的心理动机在个体之间是不同的，这就提出了一个问题，即这些差异在人群中是否有稳定的分布，或者是实验任务的产物。在这里，我们联合收割机数据从三个独立的信任博弈研究发现，不同的互惠动机的相对流行率是高度稳定的参与者样本。此外，动机的分布相对不受实验范式显著特征变化的影响。最后，我们的计算模型分析分配的动机分类对应于参与者自己的心理决策过程的主观经验，没有现有的社会偏好模型可以解释观察到的互惠动机的个体差异。这些研究结果支持这样的观点，即互惠决策不仅受“亲社会”与“亲自我”倾向的个体差异的调节，而且还受跨几种替代亲社会动机的特质差异的调节，这些动机在人群中的分布是稳定的。
Evolutionary models show that human cooperation can arise through direct reciprocity relationships. However, it remains unclear which psychological mechanisms proximally motivate individuals to reciprocate. Recent evidence suggests that the psychological motives for choosing to reciprocate trust differ between individuals, which raises the question whether these differences have a stable distribution in a population or are rather an artifact of the experimental task. Here, we combine data from three independent trust game studies to find that the relative prevalence of different reciprocity motives is highly stable across participant samples. Furthermore, the distribution of motives is relatively unaffected by changes to the salient features of the experimental paradigm. Finally, the motive classification assigned by our computational modeling analysis corresponds to the participants’ own subjective experience of their psychological decision process, and no existing models of social preference can account for the observed individual differences in reciprocity motives. These findings support the view that reciprocal decision-making is not just regulated by individual differences in 'pro-social’ versus ‘pro-self’ tendencies, but also by trait-like differences across several alternative pro-social motives, whose distribution in a population is stable.
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