Estimating peer effects on health in social networks: a response to Cohen-Cole and Fletcher; and Trogdon, Nonnemaker, and Pais.

Estimating peer effects on health in social networks: a response to Cohen-Cole and Fletcher; and Trogdon, Nonnemaker, and Pais.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.jhealeco.2008.07.001
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发表时间:
2008-09
影响因子:
3.5
通讯作者:
Christakis, N. A.
Christakis, N. A.
中科院分区:
经济学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Fowler, J. H.;Christakis, N. A.

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2007年7月,我们在《新英格兰医学杂志》上发表了一篇论文,利用弗雷明汉心脏研究社会网络(FHS-Net) 32年来的动态数据,研究肥胖可能在人与人之间传播的条件(克里斯塔基斯和福勒,2007年,下文,CF)。我们发现肥胖者在所有时间点都在网络中形成集群,并且这些集群扩展到三个分离度(例如,一个人的朋友的朋友的朋友)。此外,统计分析表明,这些聚类并不仅仅归因于肥胖人群中社会关系的选择性形成。如果一个人有一个朋友在一段时间内变得肥胖,那么他或她变得肥胖的几率就会增加。我们的分析仅限于成年人,所以一个自然的问题是,这个结果是否可以推广到青少年群体。关于成年人和青少年体重的社会规范的存在不应该令人惊讶(Chang和Christakis 2003),但是,当然,在二人组中进行因果推理是困难的,更不用说在更广泛的社会网络中了(Manski 1993)。本期《肥胖会传染吗?》的两篇论文探讨了这些问题。《肥胖流行中的社会网络与环境因素》,作者:Ethan cohencole和Jason Fletcher(以下简称CCF);《青少年超重中的同伴效应》,作者:Justin Trogdon、James Nonnemaker和Joanne Pais(以下简称TNP);第三篇工作论文:《肥胖症传播中的内源性同伴效应》,作者:Timothy J. Halliday和Sally Kwak(以下简称HK)。这三篇论文都分析了相同的数据集和人口,即国家青少年健康纵向研究(Add Health),尽管采用了不同的方法和假设。与FHS-Net对成年人进行32年的跟踪调查(1971年平均年龄38岁)不同,AddHealth对青少年进行了7年的跟踪调查(1995年平均年龄16岁)。
In July of 2007, we published a paper in the New England Journal of Medicine that used dynamic data over 32 years from the Framingham Heart Study Social Network (FHS-Net) to study the conditions under which obesity might spread from person to person (Christakis and Fowler 2007, hereafter, CF). We found that obese persons formed clusters in the network at all time points and that these clusters extended to three degrees of separation (eg, to a person’s friend’s friend’s friend). Moreover, statistical analyses suggested that the clusters were not solely attributable to the selective formation of social ties among obese persons. A person’s chances of becoming obese increased if he or she had a friend who became obese in a given time period.Our analyses were restricted to adults, so a natural question to ask is whether or not the results would generalize to a population of adolescents. The existence of social norms regarding weight in both adults and adolescents should not be surprising,(Chang and Christakis 2003) but, of course, causal inference in dyads, let alone in broader social networks, is difficult (Manski 1993). These questions are addressed by two papers in this issue,“Is Obesity Contagious? Social Networks versus Environmental Factors in the Obesity Epidemic,” by Ethan Cohen-Cole and Jason Fletcher (hereafter CCF) and “Peer Effects in Adolescent Overweight,” by Justin Trogdon, James Nonnemaker, and Joanne Pais (hereafter TNP), and by a third working paper “Identifying Endogenous Peer Effects in the Spread of Obesity” by Timothy J. Halliday and Sally Kwak (hereafter HK). All three of these papers analyze the same dataset and population, the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), albeit with different methods and assumptions. Unlike the FHS-Net, which followed adults over a 32-year period (average age 38 in 1971), AddHealth followed adolescents over a 7-year period (average age 16 in 1995).
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