Intention concepts and brain-machine interfacing.
Intention concepts and brain-machine interfacing.
复制标题
意图概念和脑机接口。
DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00455
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Ball T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Thinnes-Elker F;Iljina O;Apostolides JK;Kraemer F;Schulze-Bonhage A;Aertsen A;Ball T
意图，包括它们的时间属性和语义内容，正在受到越来越多的关注，并且人类的神经科学研究在意图相关的神经反应的地形方面有所不同。这可能反映了这样一个事实，即在一项研究中调查的意图可能与另一项研究中调查的意图不完全相同。在心智哲学中发展起来的细粒度意图分类法可能有助于识别定义明确的意图类型的神经相关物，以及将它们与其他相关的心理状态（例如仅仅是执行动作的冲动）分开。目前正在开发的脑机接口（BMI）可以利用与意图相关的神经信号来恢复瘫痪患者的语言和运动控制。这样的BMI设备记录代理的大脑活动，解释（“解码”）代理的预期动作，并将相应的执行命令发送到人工效应器系统，例如，计算机光标或机器人手臂。在本文中，我们评估的潜力，意图的概念，从哲学的头脑，以提高性能和安全的BMI的基础上高阶，意图相关的控制信号。为此，我们解决未来，现在导向，和运动意图之间的区别，以及组织的意图在时间上，特别是在何种程度上是顺序或层次。这对这些不同类型的意图是否可以预期同时发生产生了影响。我们进一步说明它可能是有用的，甚至是必要的，以区分类型的意图在哲学中，包括是与否的意图和间接与直接的意图，准确地解码代理的意图从神经信号在实际BMI应用。
Intentions, including their temporal properties and semantic content, are receiving increased attention, and neuroscientific studies in humans vary with respect to the topography of intention-related neural responses. This may reflect the fact that the kind of intentions investigated in one study may not be exactly the same kind investigated in the other. Fine-grained intention taxonomies developed in the philosophy of mind may be useful to identify the neural correlates of well-defined types of intentions, as well as to disentangle them from other related mental states, such as mere urges to perform an action. Intention-related neural signals may be exploited by brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) that are currently being developed to restore speech and motor control in paralyzed patients. Such BMI devices record the brain activity of the agent, interpret (“decode”) the agent’s intended action, and send the corresponding execution command to an artificial effector system, e.g., a computer cursor or a robotic arm. In the present paper, we evaluate the potential of intention concepts from philosophy of mind to improve the performance and safety of BMIs based on higher-order, intention-related control signals. To this end, we address the distinction between future-, present-directed, and motor intentions, as well as the organization of intentions in time, specifically to what extent it is sequential or hierarchical. This has consequences as to whether these different types of intentions can be expected to occur simultaneously or not. We further illustrate how it may be useful or even necessary to distinguish types of intentions exposited in philosophy, including yes- vs. no-intentions and oblique vs. direct intentions, to accurately decode the agent’s intentions from neural signals in practical BMI applications.
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2.9
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